How do steel mills melt steel?
An integrated steel mill uses blast furnaces to produce hot metal typically from iron ore, limestone and coke. Coke is a refined carbon product produced by fire coal in large coke ovens. Hot Metal is then converted through the basic oxygen process into liquid steel where it can be metallurgically refined.
What is the process for making steel?
In the primary steelmaking step, liquid iron is converted into steel by the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process, or by melting scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) in an electric arc furnace. Secondary steelmaking is a refining process in which alloying metals are added and impurities are removed.
What is types of raw material used in melt shop?
Iron ore and coking coal are combined in a direct reduction process to produce solid metallic iron. A ladle crane lifts the melted iron for mixing with scrap to create molten steel. The scrap coming from the scrapyard is loaded in the furnace with an overhead charging crane.
What is SMS plant?
SMS plant, sponge iron along with pig iron and scrap in a predetermined ratio is charged in the furnace. The material gets melted at a temperature of 1500°C -1700°C. This hot metal is then tested for its chemical composition. Depending on the existing chemical components, various necessary Ferro Alloys are added to it.
What is steel making shop?
Steel is made in steel melting shop in the refractory lined vessels called LD Converters by blowing oxygen through the hot metal bath. While iron making is a reduction process, steel making is an oxidation process. The oxygen reacts with impurities like carbon, silicon, phosphorous, sulphur etc.
What are the 4 types of raw materials?
Types of raw materials
- Plant/tree-based – materials like vegetables, fruits, flowers, wood, resin, latex are obtained from plants and trees.
- Animal-based– materials like leather, meat, bones, milk, wool, silk are all obtained from animals.
- Mining-based– materials like minerals, metals, crude oil, coal, etc.
What is a steel melt shop?
The Melt Shop melts the scrap charge to liquid steel at the required temperature and chemical analysis. It uses large amounts of electric power. The melting equipment consists of a twin-shell DC electric arc furnace, powered by a shared set of electrical equipment operating at up to 850 volts and 135,000 amps.
What is DRI in steel plant?
Direct reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines) into iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Many ores are suitable for direct reduction.
What is CRM in steel plant?
Ventilation chamber shall be provided in Cold Rolling Mill (CRM) plant to control LPG emissions.
What are the three 3 main steel making processes?
Of the three major steelmaking processes—basic oxygen, open hearth, and electric arc—the first two, with few exceptions, use liquid blast-furnace iron and scrap as raw material and the latter uses a solid charge of scrap and DRI.
What are the 5 ways of making steel?
In HIsarna, iron ore is processed immediately into hot metal….Manufacturing and Finishing
- shaping (cold rolling methods)
- machining (eg: drilling)
- joining (by means of welding)
- coating – galvanising with zinc, or cold coating and electro coating.
- heat treatment (usually tempering)
- surface treatment (carburising).
What is steel melt shop?
Steel Melting Shop (SMS) receives Hot Metal (HM) from Iron-making units and converts it into various grades of Steel and casts them into Slabs, Blooms, Billets, Beam blanks, Rounds and thin slab- HR coils. Those are delivered as products to down-stream units (Long, Section & Flat Products).
What is a melting shop?
Is steel raw material?
Steel is made from iron ore, a compound of iron, oxygen and other minerals that occurs in nature. The raw materials for steelmaking are mined and then transformed into steel using two different processes: the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace route, and the electric arc furnace route.
What do you do in a melt shop?
The Melt Shop melts the scrap charge to liquid steel at the required temperature and chemical analysis. It uses large amounts of electric power.
Why Dolomite is used in DRI?
High silica (SiO2) content in the dolomite used for sintering purpose is preferred since SiO2 counter the effect of alumina (Al2O3) in the blast furnace. In the production of direct reduced iron (DRI) by the rotary kiln process, dolomite is used as a desulphurizing agent.
What is the process of making steel?
Steel making is a continuous process. The melt shop is a hazardous environment of extreme heat, choking dust, hot metal and naked flame. Melt shop cranes must be able to lift and carry buckets of liquid metal safely. The ingredients for steel come from two main sources: raw materials and scrap.
What is the use of melt shop?
Melt Shop. The Melt Shop melts the scrap charge to liquid steel at the required temperature and chemical analysis. It uses large amounts of electric power.
What is a melt shop crane?
The melt shop is a hazardous environment of extreme heat, choking dust, hot metal and naked flame. Melt shop cranes must be able to lift and carry buckets of liquid metal safely. The ingredients for steel come from two main sources: raw materials and scrap. Because they are different substances, they are treated separately.
What is the process of melting scrap called?
The process of melting a charge of scrap is called a heat. The melt shop computer system identifies each production batch with a unique heat number. To begin melting, the single 30″ diameter graphite electrode is lowered into the furnace, and an electric arc is struck between the top and bottom electrodes.