Table of Contents
What does Antigenotoxic mean?
Adjective. antigenotoxic (comparative more antigenotoxic, superlative most antigenotoxic) Countering genotoxic activity.
How is genotoxicity caused?
Causes for this structure are mitotic loss of acentric chromosomal fragments (clastogenicity), mechanical problems from chromosomal breakage and exchange, mitotic loss of chromosomes (aneugenicity), and apoptosis.
What is genotoxicity testing?
Genotoxicity tests are designed to detect drugs which can induce genetic damage directly or indirectly by various mechanisms of action. Compounds identified as genotoxic in these tests have the potential to be human carcinogens and/or mutagens, and ultimately may induce cancer and/or heritable defects.
What is non genotoxicity?
The term “genotoxic carcinogen” indicates a chemical capable of producing cancer by directly altering the genetic material of target cells, while “non-genotoxic carcinogen” represents a chemical capable of producing cancer by some secondary mechanism not related to direct gene damage.
How do you determine genotoxicity?
The most commonly applied methods for detecting genotoxicity include the bacterial Ames test, DNA strand break measurements in cells (e.g. comet assay, alkaline unwinding and hydroxyapatite chromatography, alkaline elution), and cytogenetic assays (micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays, including the use of …
What is Clastogenic agent?
A clastogen is a mutagenic agent that disturbs normal DNA related processes or directly causes DNA strand breakages, thus causing the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of entire chromosome sections. These processes are a form of mutagenesis which if left unrepaired, or improperly repaired, can lead to cancer.
What is meant by mutagenicity?
Definition of mutagenicity : the capacity to induce mutations.
What is genotoxic stress?
Genotoxic stress elicits biochemical responses that either enhance cell survival or lead to cell death. These biochemical responses include DNA-damage-inducible repair and increasing expression of a variety of proteins by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
What is germ cell mutagenicity?
A germ cell mutagen is a chemical that may cause mutations in the germ cells of humans that can be transmitted to the progeny. A mutation is defined as a permanent change in the amount or structure of the genetic material in a cell.
What are genotoxic chemicals?
Genotoxic chemicals are substances that interact with DNA and may subsequently induce mutations. Owing to their DNA interaction properties, genotoxic chemicals are not considered to have a safe threshold or dose (2–4).
What are genotoxicity assays?
Genotoxicity assays are performed using bacteria and somatic cells for assessing the possibility of mutations or chromosomal abnormality that could arise due to the use of candidate drugs. From: Social Aspects of Drug Discovery, Development and Commercialization, 2016.
What is a micronucleus study?
The micronucleus test (MNT) is used to determine if a compound is genotoxic by evaluating the presence of micronuclei. Micronuclei may contain chromosome fragments produced from DNA breakage (clastogens) or whole chromosomes produced by disruption of the mitotic apparatus (aneugens).
What is clastogenic and Aneugenic?
Clastogenic substances induce structural chromosomal aberrations through breaks in DNA. Aneugenic substances induce numerical chromosomal aberrations through interactions with cellular targets other than DNA, such as proteins involved in the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis.
What is the difference between mutagenic and clastogenic agents?
Aneugens are agents which affect cell division and the mitotic spindle apparatus resulting in the loss or gain of whole chromosomes, in comparison to clastogens which are agents that induce breaks in chromosomes leading to sections of the chromosomes being added, deleted or rearranged, or mutagens which are agents …