What is fault in distribution line?
Fault in a distribution system is an unpermitted deviation from its standard operating conditions. It may be caused due to various reasons, such as physical contact between lines that creates a short circuit path, momentary contact of animals or birds, or contact due to wind and trees.
What is 11kV transmission line?
The 11kV lines are used in residential areas and is what feeds the local transformers, which then distributes power to the buildings in the area. 33kV lines on the other hand involve much higher voltages and are used to distribute power from one small sub-station to another.
How do you calculate fault distance?
The fault distance is determined by assuming that the line reactance is proportional to the line length between the sending end and the fault point. Another method based on symmetrical components of the phasors and line impedances is described for locating faults on transmission lines [3].
How much current is in 11KV line?
An 11 kV distribution circuit may carry 150 A in each of its three phases, thus transmitting a power of 3 MW.
What is the zero sequence compensation factor?
A Compensation Factor (KN) is used to factor out zero sequence impedance to allow a relay to make a fault location decision based on the per-phase settings. Relay manufacturers use a variety of forms of compensation but their fundamental application is the same.
How do you check for faults in transmission lines?
How to Find the Fault in Your Transmission Line
- Figure out the length of your cable without physically measuring the cable.
- Verify cable performance at the touch of a button.
- Determine if failures exist in your transmission line and the nature of those failures without visually inspecting the cable.
Why power generation is 11KV?
It is cheaper to generate at a relative lower voltage and then step it up for transmission. Hence, most power generating plants are designed to operate at 11KV. To generate at 33KV, the size of the motor might be twice as large as the size of 11KV generator.
What should be the spacing between the two conductor if working voltage is 11KV?
Q.
What is ground distance relay?
Ground distance functions measure an apparent impedance to the fault based on the ratio of relay voltage to relay current. A variety of ground distance relay characteristics have been used: reactance, mho, and quadrilateral for example.
What is earth fault compensation factor?
What happens when fault occurs in transmission line?
Over current flow: When fault occurs it creates a very low impedance path for the current flow. This results in a very high current being drawn from the supply, causing tripping of relays, damaging insulation and components of the equipments.
What causes overhead transmission lines to fail?
Some other common sources that cause faults to overhead transmission lines are trees, ice, fog, abnormal loading, heavy rains, and high speed wind, etc. Faults affect the whole power system. Therefore it is mandatory to handle it as soon as possible.
What is a fault in transmission lines?
A fault is defined as any unusual condition in the transmission line due to any reason. This may include smoke, fire, sparking, broken insulation or any other effect. Series faults.
What are the major causes of open circuit faults?
The major causes of open-circuit faults are joint failures of overhead lines. Similarly, failure of a circuit breaker or function of the circuit breaker in multiple phases.