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How does gentamicin inhibit protein synthesis?
Gentamicin is bactericidal and is a broad spectrum antibiotic (except against streptococci and anaerobic bacteria). Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomes.
What antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis?
Antibiotics can inhibit protein synthesis by targeting either the 30S subunit, examples of which include spectinomycin , tetracycline , and the aminoglycosides kanamycin and streptomycin , or to the 50S subunit, examples of which include clindamycin, chloramphenicol , linezolid , and the macrolides erythromycin .
Is protein synthesis inhibitors bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bacteriostatic inhibitors of protein synthesis: tetracyclines, macrolides, and others. All of the drugs discussed in this chapter inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. However, unlike the aminoglycosides, which are bactericidal, the drugs considered here are largely bacteriostatic.
What is the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin?
The gentamicin serum concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 15.9 mg/liter, with a mean value of 4.8 mg/liter. The blood sampling times ranged from 1 to 321 h (mean, 56.3 h); 8.6% of the samples were collected within the first 24 h, 66.1% between 24 and 72 h, and 25.2% from 72 to 321 h.
What is the function of gentamicin?
Gentamicin injection is used to treat serious bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. Gentamicin belongs to the class of medicines known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth.
How do sulfonamides inhibit folate synthesis?
By virtue of their chemical resemblance to p-aminobenzoate, sulfonamides inhibit the synthesis of folates by blocking the conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid.
How does rifampicin inhibit RNA synthesis?
It is claimed that the overall inhibition of RNA synthesis by rifampicin is caused by a destabilising effect on the binding of the intermediate oligonucleotides to the active enzyme-DNA complex. Rifampicin itself can only interact specifically with RNA polymerase if the enzyme is free or in a binary complex with DNA.
How does tetracycline inhibit protein synthesis?
The tetracyclines, which were discovered in the 1940s, are a family of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal acceptor (A) site.
Which of the bacteriostatic do not inhibit protein synthesis?
Chloramphenicol interact acts with SOS subunit, of ribosome and prevents the formation of peptide bonds when chloramphenicol is around, amino acid beads can’t be linked together into polypeptide strings.
Which medication is a bacteriostatic inhibitor of protein synthesis?
Bacteriostatic protein-synthesis inhibitors that target the ribosome, such as tetracyclines and gly-cylcyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides and ketolides, lincosamides (clindamycin), streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin), oxazolidinones (linezolid), and aminocyclitols (spectinomycin).
What is another name for chloramphenicol?
BRAND NAME: Chloromycetin, Econochlor, Ocu-Chlor (These are discontinued brands in the US) DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Chloramphenicol is a man-made antibiotic.
What are the properties of gentamicin?
Basic Chemistry
| Chemical Structure | |
|---|---|
| Structure | |
| Properties | |
| Physical Properties | Gentamicin sulfate is a white-buff powder that melts with decomposition between 220oC and 240oC. |
| Molecular Weight | 447.529 |
Is gentamicin time or concentration dependent?
Gentamicin is an antibiotic with a concentration-dependent bacterial killing effect, and based on studies in vitro and in patients, it has been suggested that it is important to achieve a ratio of peak plasma concentration to MIC (Cmax/MIC) higher than 8 to 10 (12, 25, 30).
Where is gentamicin metabolized?
Gentamicin undergoes little to no metabolism. Gentamicin is excreted primarily by the kidneys. In patients with normal renal function, 70% or more of an initial gentamicin dose can be recovered in the urine within 24 hours. Excretion of gentamicin is significantly reduced in patients with renal impairment.