Table of Contents
When should a pediatric patient be transfused?
Expert opinion now generally favours an Hb transfusion trigger of 70 g/L in stable critically ill children, which is the same as the recommendation for adult patients (see Chapter 7). A higher threshold should be considered if the child has symptomatic anaemia or impaired cardiorespiratory function.
How do you calculate a pediatric blood transfusion?
Conclusions: The following equation should be used to calculate transfusion volumes: weight (kg) x increment in Hb (g/dL) x 3/(hematocrit [Hct] level of RBCs).
When do pediatrics transfuse platelets?
Platelet transfusion should be considered in any pediatric patient with thrombocytopenia and active bleeding, with transfusion thresholds being situation dependent (Table 2).
At what level hemoglobin Do I need a transfusion?
The American Society of Anesthesiologists uses hemoglobin levels of 6 g/dL as the trigger for required transfusion, although more recent data suggest decreased mortality with preanesthetic hemoglobin concentrations of greater than 8 g/dL, particularly in renal transplant patients.
What are the indications for blood transfusions?
Indications for transfusion include symptomatic anemia (causing shortness of breath, dizziness, congestive heart failure, and decreased exercise tolerance), acute sickle cell crisis, and acute blood loss of more than 30 percent of blood volume.
What rate should blood be infused?
Initiate infusion of blood components slowly at a rate of 50 mL/hr (if appropriate) but no greater than 2 mL/min (120 mL/hr) for the first 15 minutes (neonate and pediatric rates are weight based mL/kg/hr so may not reach this rate).
How much does 1 unit of platelets increase platelet count pediatric?
Platelet Dose Response By body weight, one unit of platelet transfusion per 10 kg should increase platelet count by 35,000–50,000/mm3 and by 7,000–11,000/mm3/m2 of BSA. In neonates and infants, a dose of platelet volume 5–10 ml/kg should increase the platelet count by 50,000–100,000/mm3 (70).
What is the 10 30 rule for blood transfusion?
For many decades, the decision to transfuse red blood cells (RBCs) was based upon the “10/30 rule”: transfusion was used to maintain a blood hemoglobin concentration above 10 g/dL (100 g/L) and a hematocrit above 30 percent [1].
What HGB level requires blood transfusion?
When do you check H&H after transfusion?
A common practice of some providers is to check the hemoglobin 4 to 8 hours after completion of the transfusion, particularly in a patient with high risk for bleeding. Others use 24 hours or the next morning to evaluate the effectiveness of the transfusion, however, an earlier assessment may be just as valid.
Who guidelines on fluid resuscitation in children?
Fluid resuscitation • If children and young people need IV fluid resuscitation, use glucose-free crystalloids that contain sodium in the range 131–154 mmol/litre, with a bolus of 20 ml/kg over less than 10 minutes. Take into account pre-existing conditions (for example, cardiac disease or kidney disease), as smaller fluid volumes may be needed.
Which patients need a transfusion?
A severe infection or liver disease that stops your body from properly making blood or some parts of blood.
What are the guidelines for blood transfusion?
recommendations are made by an American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force: 1. Transfusion is rarely indicated when the hemoglobin level is above 10 g/dL and is almost always indicated in patients when the hemoglobin level is below 6 g/dL; 2. The determination of transfusion in patients whose hemoglobin level is 6-10 g/dL should be based on: organ ischemia, bleeding, the patient’s intravascular volume status and risk of complications due to inadequate oxygenation.
Does your patient need a transfusion?
Your blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of your body. Blood transfusions replace blood that is lost through surgery or injury or provide it if your body is not making blood properly. You may need a blood transfusion if you have anemia, sickle cell disease, a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia, or cancer. For people in critical