Table of Contents
What is a symbol in QAM?
The term “symbol” means some unique combination of phase and amplitude. The term M as in M-QAM indicates how many bits are transmitted per time interval or symbol for each unique amplitude/phase combination. The simplest form of QAM is 2-QAM, more commonly called QPSK or quadrature phase shift keying.
Which modulation is used in Bluetooth?
Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK)
Bluetooth Low Energy uses 2 MHz spacing, which accommodates 40 channels. Originally, Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK) modulation was the only modulation scheme available.
What is amplitude modulation?
In the frequency domain, amplitude modulation produces a signal with power concentrated at the carrier frequency and two adjacent sidebands. Each sideband is equal in bandwidth to that of the modulating signal, and is a mirror image of the other.
How do I implement space vector modulation?
To implement space vector modulation, a reference signal V ref is sampled with a frequency f s (T s = 1/f s ). The reference signal may be generated from three separate phase references using the transform. The reference vector is then synthesized using a combination of the two adjacent active switching vectors and one or both of the zero vectors.
How many degrees of phase angle is required for space vector modulation?
Note that looking down the columns for the active switching vectors V 1-6, the output voltages vary as a pulsed sinusoid, with each leg offset by 120 degrees of phase angle . To implement space vector modulation, a reference signal V ref is sampled with a frequency f s (T s = 1/f s ).
What is the difference between carrier wave and amplitude modulation?
In this sense, the carrier wave, which has a much higher frequency than the message signal, carries the information. At the receiving station, the message signal is extracted from the modulated carrier by demodulation . In amplitude modulation, the amplitude or strength of the carrier oscillations is varied.