What does Sox10 stain?
Sox10 also marks normal myoepithelial cells of salivary gland and bronchial and mammary ducts and lobules, and it stains the myoepithelial component of salivary gland neoplasms such as myoepithelioma or pleomorphic adenoma. Sox10 labels both benign melanocytes (nevus cells) and the vast majority of melanomas.
What cells come from neural crest?
Neural crest cells delaminate from the neural tube and migrate extensively (Fig. 19-1) to form sensory and autonomic neurons, neuroendocrine cells, glia, and melanocytes. In addition, they produce smooth muscle, dermis, cartilage, dentine, and bone (Fig. 19-2).
What structures form from the neural crest?
Neural crest derivatives originate from four major segments of the neuraxis: cranial, cardiac, vagal, and trunk neural crest. The cranial neural crest gives rise to the majority of the head connective and skeletal structures, nerves and pigment cells.
What is the function of neural crest cells?
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a multipotent and migratory cell population in the developing embryo that contribute to the formation of a wide range of tissues. Defects in the development, differentiation and migration of NCCs give rise to a class of syndromes and diseases that are known as neurocristopathies.
What does Sox10 negative mean?
Sox10 is a neural crest transcription factor crucial for specification of Schwann cells and melanocytes. Sox-10 has been shown to be a sensitive marker of cutaneous melanoma, including spindle and desmoplastic subtypes, which are known to be negative for melanocytic markers such as Melan A and HMB-45.
What do ectodermal Placodes become?
Ectodermal placodes are transient thickenings of the embryonic head ectoderm. The term placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales, however here we will deal only with placodes that develop in the head and that form part of the sensory nervous system.
Is neurofibroma Sox10 positive?
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, defined here as a tumors arising in pre-existing neurofibroma, varied in Sox10 expression. Nearly half of the cases (31/65) contained some Sox10-positive cells.
What are neurogenic Placodes?
Neurogenic placodes are specialized regions of the embryonic ectoderm that are central to the development of the cranial sensory systems of vertebrates. These structures generate many of the sensory neurones of the head and also, in some instances, the associated sensory receptor cells.
What is Endodermal origin?
Endoderm forms the epithelium—a type of tissue in which the cells are tightly linked together to form sheets—that lines the primitive gut. From this epithelial lining of the primitive gut, organs like the digestive tract, liver, pancreas, and lungs develop.
What do ectodermal placodes become?
What are ectodermal placodes?
Introduction. Ectodermal placodes are focal thickenings of the cranial ectoderm that generate many different components of the sensory systems of the head. The emergence and utilisation of these embryonic structures have long been viewed as being important for the evolution of the vertebrates.
What does endodermal mean?
1a : the innermost of the three primary germ layers of an embryo that is the source of the epithelium of the digestive tract and its derivatives and of the lower respiratory tract.
Where do neural crest cells go?
After neural tube closure, neural crest cells depart from the dorsal CNS via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), forming a migratory mesenchymal cell type that migrates extensive to diverse locations in the embryo.
What is the role of SOX10 in the formation of crest cells?
Sox10 may be critical for formation of neural crest cells (NCCs), maintaining multipotency of crest cells, specification of derivative cell fates from these cells and their differentiation. Here, I discuss this controversy and argue that these functions are, in part, molecularly interrelated.
What is the function of the neural crest?
For both vertebrate developmental and evolutionary biologists, and also for clinicians, the neural crest (NC) is a fundamental cell population. An understanding of Sox10 function in NC development is of particular significance since Sox10 mutations underlie several neurocristopathies.
What is the mRNA level of migrating neural crest markers (SOX10)?
C The mRNA level of migrating neural crest markers ( SOX10, p75, HNK1) in day 7 differentiated cells was detected by qRT-PCR. n = 3 biological replicates. Columns represent the mean ± SD. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Does SOX10 knockout impair the cell migration ability during neural crest cell differentiation?
The above data show that SOX10 knockout impaired the cell migration ability during neural crest cell differentiation of hiPSCs. It was reported that HNK1 + /p75 high or CD49D + cells were truly migrating NCSCs [ 32, 33 ]. Therefore, day 7 cell population was analyzed by FACS.