Table of Contents
What type of virus is paramyxovirus?
The Paramyxoviridae is a family of single-stranded RNA viruses known to cause different types of infections in vertebrates. Examples of these infections in humans include the measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
What is the genome of paramyxovirus?
The genome is nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA, 15–19 kilobases in length, and contains six to 10 genes. Extracistronic (noncoding) regions include: A 3′ leader sequence, 50 nucleotides in length, which acts as a transcriptional promoter. A 5′ trailer sequence, 50–161 nucleotides long.
What is the paramyxovirus known to affect?
Many paramyxoviruses primarily cause respiratory disease (bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, avian metapneumovirus), while others cause serious systemic disease (rinderpest, virulent strains of Newcastle disease, canine distemper).
Is rubella virus a paramyxovirus?
Rubella virus, although classified as a togavirus because of its chemical and physical properties (see Chapter 29), can be considered with the paramyxoviruses on an epidemiologic basis.
What is the structure of paramyxovirus?
Structure. All paramyxoviruses are enveloped particles 150 to 300 nm in diameter. The tubelike, helically symmetrical nucleocapsid contains a monopartite, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and an RNA-directed RNA polymerase.
Is paramyxovirus transmitted to humans?
It doesn’t normally affect humans. The disease is currently present in Great Britain. Pigeon paramyxovirus infection is a notifiable animal disease.
What is the treatment of paramyxovirus?
There is no specific treatment for PPMV1. Infected pigeons often die within 72 hours, but may survive with supportive therapy e.g. electrolytes, acidifying agents, probiotics. The addition of electrolytes to the drinking water is the most effective treatment.
What causes paramyxovirus?
The Paramyxoviridae are important agents of disease, causing age-old diseases of humans and animals (measles, rinderpest, canine distemper, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the parainfluenza viruses), and newly recognized emerging diseases (Nipah, Hendra, morbilliviruses of aquatic mammals).
Can paramyxovirus be treated?
Paramyxovirus can be diagnosed by isolating virus from swabs (oropharyngeal and/or cloacal), serology or PCR testing. There is no treatment for PMV infection, only supportive care. Some strains can potentially cause a temporary conjunctivitis and flu-like symptoms in people.
How many different types of Paramyxoviruses are there?
There are 12 recognized serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses (PMV-1 to PMV-12). In wildlife, paramyxovirus is most typically seen in cormorants and gulls and there is a variant of in pigeons that is usually referred to as Pigeon Paramyxovirus.
What is avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1)?
Avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is capable of infecting a wide range of avian species leading to a broad range of clinical symptoms. Ease of transmission has allowed the virus to spread worldwide with varying degrees of virulence depending on the virus strain and host species.
What is the mndv classification for paramyxovirus?
Pigeon paramyxovirus isolates usually fall in the mNDV classification due to their intermediate virulence and neurologic symptoms. Highly virulent velogenic (vND) viruses are also systemic and can cause high morbidity and mortality.
What animals are affected by paramyxoviruses?
The most common wildlife species affected by paramyxoviruses are pigeons and cormorants, and species adapted PMV-1 strains routinely circulate in those populations but do not always impact poultry. PMV-2 has been isolated from wild birds, mainly passerines, and caged psittacine species.