What is the difference between HA MRSA and CA MRSA?
CA-MRSA patients tend to be younger than patients with HA-MRSA. CA-MRSA isolates have been shown to be susceptible to more non-beta-lactam antimicrobials compared to HA-MRSA isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (genetic fingerprinting) shows distinct differences between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA strains.
What are the virulence factors of MRSA?
MRSA strains are particularly serious and potentially lethal pathogens that possess virulence mechanisms including toxins, adhesins, enzymes and immunomodulators. One of these is Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a toxin associated with abscess formation and severe necrotizing pneumonia.
What are risk factors for HA MRSA and CA MRSA?
Risk factors for CA-MRSA infections reported in previous studies include African-American ethnicity, men who have sex with men, military personnel, athletes participating in contact sports, close contact with persons who have MRSA, injection drug use (IDU), recent antibiotic use and prior hospitalization.
What is HA MRSA infection?
HA-MRSA is a type of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Much of transmission, signs and symptoms of infection, duration of illness, complications and diagnosis are the same as for Staphylococcus aureus.
What are the different types of virulence factors?
Specific Virulence Factors
- Adherence and Colonization Factors. To cause infection, many bacteria must first adhere to a mucosal surface.
- Invasion Factors.
- Capsules and Other Surface Components.
- Endotoxins.
- Structure of Endotoxin.
What is CA-MRSA?
What is CA-MRSA? Community-associated MRSA infections (CA-MRSA) are MRSA infections in healthy people who have not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis or surgery) within the past year.
What is HA-MRSA infection?
What is the difference between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA quizlet?
HA-MRSA is multidrug-resistant. CA-MRSA produces a leucocidin toxin and is more susceptible to a greater range of antibiotics.
HA-MRSA infections commonly present in chronically ill patients within hospitals, and are particularly invasive, such as pneumonia. CA-MRSA infections usually occur in healthy individuals, and usually present as skin and soft tissue infections.
What are MRSA virulence factors?
MRSA possesses a number of weapons with which to cause infection – so-called virulence factors. One protein in particular is being widely studied; Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a toxin which forms pores in leukocyte membranes, causing them to burst. PVL is associated with abscess formation and severe necrotizing pneumonia.
What is the role of PVL genes in the pathogenesis of MRSA?
Most CA-MRSA strains possess PVL genes, though there is controversy on the role PVL plays in disease. Early studies suggested it was a major virulence factor in CA-MRSA though some recent data has suggested this is not the case. Other evidence shows presence of PVL does not influence the severity of HA-MRSA infections such as pneumonia.
What is the role of proteins in virulence of Staphylococcus MRSA?
Other proteins being studied for their role in virulence are phenol soluble modulins (PSMs), which are produced by most staphylococci. They are released in high levels by CA-MRSA and are able to attack human neutrophils. Studies have shown that CA-MRSA strains with mutated versions of PSM genes are less able to cause infection.