Table of Contents
What is bandgap reference used for?
A bandgap voltage reference is a temperature independent voltage reference circuit widely used in integrated circuits. It produces a fixed (constant) voltage regardless of power supply variations, temperature changes, or circuit loading from a device.
What is constant gm bias?
Of them resistor-referred constant-gm bias circuit shown in Fig. 1 is the most commonly used. Assuming square-law devices and neglecting channel- length modulation and body effect, this bias circuit provides a gm that is inversely proportional to resistor R.
What is current reference circuit?
The current reference circuit is used as the important building block of the analog integrated circuits. The circuit is required to provide temperature and supply voltage insensi- tive characteristics.
How is band gap of silicon calculated?
Wavelength (nm) Arbitrary unit (A.U.) horizontal axis all these points will be in the same line and slope will be the same. Now putting the wavelength value in equation 2 (Planck-Einstein equation) we get, Band Gap = = 1.127907 eV ; which is the band gap of P-type monocrystalline silicon wafer.
What is semiconductor band gap?
The band gap of a semiconductor is the minimum energy required to excite an electron that is stuck in its bound state into a free state where it can participate in conduction. The band structure of a semiconductor gives the energy of the electrons on the y-axis and is called a “band diagram”.
Why BJTS are used in BGR?
Most of BGR architectures use BJT and operational amplifiers. With this type of circuit, it is easier to reduce the external error sources. Depending on the technology, BJT have normally linear temperature coefficients, this is one of the reasons to be usually used in BGR architectures.
What is current mirror circuit?
A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being “copied” can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current.
Which is a current reference source?
Current sources are basic electronic building blocks that are used extensively in the architectures of analog integrated circuits (ICs), as well as in OEM circuit board designs, they are created by combining diodes, resistors, and transistors.
What is the beta multiplier?
The beta-multiplier reference is an alternative approach which eliminates the use of bi-polar transistors, and therefore eliminates the substrate current injection. force the same current through each leg of the circuit.
How is eg calculated?
In case you know the value of Eg from the literature you can use: ln (αhυ) = ln B+ r ln(hυ- Egopt) and find the value of r from the slope of the line for Ex. Both direct, and indirect, optical gaps of TiO2 films may be found.