Table of Contents
What is the Kleihauer Betke test used to detect?
The Kleihauer Betke test is utilized to determine if there is fetal blood in maternal circulation, with a threshold of 5 mL. The rosette test is performed by incubating the Rh-negative maternal venous whole blood sample with anti-Rho(D) immune globulin.
What test is used to screen Fetomaternal hemorrhage?
The Kleihauer-Betke acid-elution test, the most widely used confirmatory test for quantifying FMH, relies on the principle that fetal RBCs contain mostly fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which is resistant to acid-elution whereas adult hemoglobin is acid-sensitive.
What causes a fetal maternal hemorrhage?
Causes of increased foetal-maternal haemorrhage are seen as a result of trauma, placental abruption or may be spontaneous with no cause found. Up to 30 mL of foetal-maternal transfusion may take place with no significant signs or symptoms seen in either mother or foetus.
How is Kleihauer betke calculated?
V. Interpretation
- Calculate Maternal Blood Volume (ml) = (Pre-pregnant weight in kg) x 70 ml/kg x. (1.0 + (0.5 x weeks gestation/36)) –
- Calculate Fetal Whole Blood (ml) = (Fetal Cell Count/Maternal Cell Count) x. Maternal Blood Volume.
- Rh Immune Globulin (RhoGAM) Dose. Give 300 ug per 30 ml fetal whole blood or 15 ml pRBC.
When should anti-D immunoglobulin not be given?
In pregnancies <12 weeks of gestation, anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis is only indicated following ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, therapeutic termination of pregnancy and in cases of uterine bleeding where this is repeated, heavy or associated with abdominal pain.
What happens if anti-D is not given after birth?
Without anti-D, your body will treat your baby’s blood as a foreign invader. Your immune system will produce antibodies to destroy blood cells from your baby. Doctors call this sensitisation. Antibodies can cause serious problems if a sensitised RhD-negative woman becomes pregnant again with another RhD-positive baby.
Which blood type should not marry?
Does Blood Type Affect Marriage Compatibility? Blood type has no effect on your ability to have and maintain a happy, healthy marriage.
Why should anti-D be given within 72 hours?
Anti‐D, given within 72 hours after childbirth, reduces the risk of Rhesus D alloimmunisation in Rhesus negative women who have given birth to a Rhesus positive infant.
What happens if anti-D is not given within 72 hours?
If the mother is given an injection of Anti-D within 72 hours of delivery, miscarriage or amniocentesis then the baby’s cells which have entered the bloodstream may be neutralised and thus harmful antibodies will not be produced.