Table of Contents
What does cyclic di-GMP do?
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a global bacterial second messenger that controls a wide range of cellular processes that contribute to surface adaptation, biofilm formation, cell cycle progression and virulence.
How is cyclic di-GMP made?
Cyclic di-GMP is synthesized by proteins with diguanylate cyclase activity. These proteins typically have a characteristic GGDEF motif, which refers to a conserved sequence of five amino acids. Degradation of cyclic di-GMP is affected by proteins with phosphodiesterase activity.
What does c-di-GMP stand for?
Bis-(3′, 5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cyclic di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger involved in the regulation of cell motility, differentiation, development, virulence, biofilm formation, and factor-stimulated proliferation in human colon cancer cells (Cotter & Stibitz, 2007; Jenal, 2004; …
Does cyclic di-GMP regulate motility?
The signalling molecule bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic-dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a central regulator of diverse cellular functions, including motility, biofilm formation, cell cycle progression and virulence, in bacteria.
When was cyclic di GMP discovered?
1987
Discovered in 1987 in Gluconacetobacter xylinus, the first established function of c-di-GMP was in the allosteric activation of a cellulose synthase for the biosynthesis of extracellular cellulose (Ross et al., 1987).
What is the function of C di GMP in biofilms?
The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch between motile loner cells and biofilm formers.
What are the stages of biofilm?
Biofilm formation is commonly considered to occur in four main stages: (1) bacterial attachment to a surface, (2) microcolony formation, (3) biofilm maturation and (4) detachment (also termed dispersal) of bacteria which may then colonize new areas [2].
What are the five stages of biofilm formation?
Biofilm formation can be divided into five stages: Initial reversible attachment (1), irreversible attachment (2-3), maturation (4) and dispersion (5) as shown in Figure 2. The initial contact of the moving planktonic bacteria with the surface is the starting point, which is still reversible at this stage.