What stage of cancer is inoperable?
“Liquid cancers,” such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, are considered inoperable by nature, because they involve cells or tissues that are dispersed throughout the body.
How does a radiosensitizer work?
Radiosensitizers are chemicals or pharmaceutical agents that can enhance the killing effect on tumor cells by accelerating DNA damage and producing free radicals indirectly. In most cases, radiosensitizers have less effect on normal tissues.
What is the purpose of radiosensitizer?
Radiosensitizers are chemicals or pharmaceutical agents that can enhance the killing effect on tumor cells by accelerating DNA damage and producing free radicals indirectly.
How do radio-sensitizers improve cancer therapy and tumor control?
Multi-disciplinary studies have demonstrated the potential of NPs-based radio-sensitizers to improve cancer therapy and tumor control at cellular and molecular levels. However, studies have shown that the dose enhancement effect of the NPs depends on the beam energy, NPs type, NPs size, NPs concentration, cell lines, and NPs delivery system.
What is the mechanism of radiosensitization?
The mechanism of chemotherapeutic radiosensitization is thought to be multifactorial and may be due to the inhibition of repair of radiation-induced damage or to changes in tumor cell prosurvival signaling pathways, induction of programmed cell death, and/or changes in cellular metabolism.
What is the physical phase of radio-sensitizers?
The physical phase of radio-sensitizers is based on the photoelectric effect, coherent and incoherent scattering, and pair production.
What are some examples of cancer staging systems?
Examples of cancers with different staging systems include brain and spinal cord tumors and blood cancers. The T refers to the size and extent of the main tumor. The main tumor is usually called the primary tumor.