What does variability mean on CTG?
Variability. Baseline variability refers to the variation of fetal heart rate from one beat to the next.
What does reduced variability mean CTG?
Reduced variability can occur due to central nervous system hypoxia/acidosis and resulting decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, but it can also be due to previous cerebral injury [23], infection, administration of central nervous system depressants or parasympathetic blockers.
What is good variability in fetal heart rate?
The normal FHR tracing include baseline rate between 110-160 beats per minute (bpm), moderate variability (6-25 bpm), presence of accelerations and no decelerations.
What causes variability in fetal heart rate?
Among the factors that influence FHR variability are maternal fever, fetal immaturity, so-called fetal sleep, fetal tachycardia, and drug administration to the mother.
Is marked variability good?
Marked variability in FHR patterns may represent an increased sympathetic response in the neonate due to a stressful intrapartum event (e.g. cord compression, meconium) that has not occurred with enough frequency or intensity to cause overt acidemia.
What does moderate FHR variability indicate?
10. For example, the presence of a normal baseline rate with FHR accelerations or moderate variability predicts the absence of fetal acidemia. 10,11. Bradycardia, absence of variability and accelerations, and presence of recurrent late or variable decelerations may predict current or impending fetal asphyxia.
What is meant by variability?
Variability, almost by definition, is the extent to which data points in a statistical distribution or data set diverge—vary—from the average value, as well as the extent to which these data points differ from each other.
What does moderate variability mean in fetal heart rate?
Moderate = amplitude 6 to 25 bpm. Marked = amplitude over 25 bpm. Measured in a 10-minute window. The amplitude is measured peak to trough. There is no distinction between short-term and long-term variability.
What category is absent variability?
Category III tracings include either (1) or (2) below. (1) Absent baseline FHR variability and any of the following: Recurrent late decelerations.
How do you interpret variability?
When a distribution has lower variability, the values in a dataset are more consistent. However, when the variability is higher, the data points are more dissimilar and extreme values become more likely.
What are the Nice and Figo guidelines on pathological CTG traces?
NICE 2014, FIGO 2015 Even if the CTG trace is classified as pathological, if the baseline fetal heart rate is stable, and the variability is reassuring, according to both NICE and FIGO guidelines, no intervention is required other than careful observation.
What is the normal range of CTG and CTG?
Intermediary CTG 100 – 110 bpm 150 – 170 bpm Decelerations <100 bpm for ≤3 minutes >25 bpm (Saltatory pattern) <5 bpm >40 min with absence of accelerations Uncomplicated variable decelerations with duration of <60s and loss of >60 beats
What is a suspicious CTG score?
The moment one of the specified criteria is defined as suspicious or pathological, the entire CTG is considered suspicious or pathological. The CTG reading is also classified as pathological if two supicious criteria coincide (s. Table 5). The FIGO score is currently the only score which enjoys widespread consensus.
How do you interpret a CTG?
To interpret a CTG you need a structured method of assessing its various characteristics. The most popular structure can be remembered using the acronym DR C BRAVADO: DR: Define risk. C: Contractions. BRa: Baseline rate. V: Variability. A: Accelerations. D: Decelerations. O: Overall impression.