Table of Contents
How does TPP riboswitch work?
In many plant species, a TPP riboswitch in THIC mRNA controls splicing at a single 5′ splice site to either remove or retain an intron (24,25). Intron removal alters mRNA stability and expression by removing a key processing signal in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the transcript.
What is an example of a riboswitch?
Examples of riboswitch ligands include glycine, coenzyme B12, thiamine, flavin mononucleotides, S-adenosylmethionine, and guanine. As such, riboswitches represent unique target opportunities for drugs.
Is a riboswitch a secondary structure?
Purine Riboswitch Family: Global Structure The global architecture of the RNA in a purine riboswitch is defined by the organization of the three conserved helices that make up the secondary structure (Figure 4A).
What enzymes use TPP?
Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) is a cofactor for a number of enzymes, such as transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
What is the role of TPP?
The TPP facilitates the development of production and supply chains, and seamless trade, enhancing efficiency and supporting our goal of creating and supporting jobs, raising living standards, enhancing conservation efforts, and facilitating cross-border integration, as well as opening domestic markets.
Is TPP a cofactor or coenzyme?
What reactions use TPP?
Reactions of enzymes utilizing TPP as a cofactor, including pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase.
What is the role of TPP in carbohydrate metabolism?
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of thiamine, functions as a coenzyme for a number of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, thus making metabolites from this metabolism and keto analogues from amino and fatty acid metabolism available for the production of energy.
How does thiamine break down carbohydrates?
Thiamin is a coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which is a mitochondrial enzyme for oxidation of carbohydrate-derived substrate to generate ATP. In a thiamin deficiency, oxidation of carbohydrate is decreased due to the reduced activity of PDH.
What is the purpose of the 5 and 3 UTR?
Within the 5′ UTR is a sequence that is recognized by the ribosome which allows the ribosome to bind and initiate translation. The mechanism of translation initiation differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The 3′ UTR is found immediately following the translation stop codon.
What are UTRs and what is their role?
UTRs are known to play crucial roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including modulation of the transport of mRNAs out of the nucleus and of translation efficiency [3], subcellular localization [4] and stability [5].
What is the function of riboswitch in gene regulation?
In this regulation, the riboswitch interferes with transcription of the gene. The mechanism is uncertain but may be caused by clashes between two RNA polymerase units as they simultaneously transcribe the same DNA.
Do new RNA motifs expand the scope of riboswitches in bacterial genetic control?
“New RNA motifs suggest an expanded scope for riboswitches in bacterial genetic control”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (17): 6421–6426.
How do riboswitch alternate structures affect the splicing of pre-mRNA?
Riboswitch alternate structures affect the splicing of the pre-mRNA. A riboswitch in Clostridium acetobutylicum regulates an adjacent gene that is not part of the same mRNA transcript. In this regulation, the riboswitch interferes with transcription of the gene.
What is the mechanism of ligand-induced folding of the guanine-sensing riboswitch?
Ligand-induced folding of the guanine-sensing riboswitch is controlled by a combined predetermined induced fit mechanism. RNA13: 2202–2212 [PMC free article][PubMed] [Google Scholar] Pan T, Sosnick TR 1997.