What do you mean by Lande interval rule?
In atomic physics, the Landé interval rule states that, due to weak angular momentum coupling (either spin-orbit or spin-spin coupling), the energy splitting between successive sub-levels are proportional to the total angular momentum quantum number (J or F) of the sub-level with the larger of their total angular …
What is JJ coupling in physics?
In j-j coupling, the orbital angular momentum ℓ, and spin s, of each electron are first coupled to form a total angular momentum j for that electron. These single-electron total angular momenta are then combined into a total angular momentum J, for the group of electrons.
What is meant by LS coupling?
In atomic spectroscopy, Russell–Saunders coupling, also known as LS coupling, specifies a coupling scheme of electronic spin- and orbital-angular momenta. The coupling scheme is named after H. N. Russell and F. A. Saunders (1925).
What is the value of J for the electron in one electron atomic system?
Obviously, j must be half-integral for a one-electron system, therefore j can be: j = (½ √3), (½ √15), (½ √35) by the formula given above for j; with j = ½, 3/2, 5/2, b) By summation of quantum numbers ml and ms (i.e. the possible values of the z- component of l and s).
Why does spin orbit coupling increase with Z?
Note that the spin-orbit coupling increases as the fourth power of the effective nuclear charge Z, but only as the third power of the principal quantum number n. This indicates that spin orbit-coupling interactions are significantly larger for atoms that are further down a particular column of the periodic table.
What is the physical origin of spin orbit coupling?
Spin–orbit coupling is an effect in addition to the electron–electron repulsion effect. a. It occurs due to the interaction of the magnetic moment generated and the intrinsic moment of the electron.
What is difference between LS and JJ coupling?
So you have two ways to couple those, and the choice depends on how far the electrons are from each other where the specific angular momentum coupling is more pronounced. So if the electrons are close to each other, then you use LS coupling. While if you have them far apart, you use JJ coupling.
What is selection rule for JJ coupling?
The selection rules for j -j coupling are 1. Only one electron jumps at a time. 2. The `-value of the jumping electron must change by one unit or, more generally, the parity must change.
What is difference between JJ and LS coupling?
What is JJ and LS coupling?
j-j Coupling In light atoms, the interactions between the orbital angular momenta of individual electrons is stronger than the spin-orbit coupling between the spin and orbital angular momenta. These cases are described by “L-S coupling”.
What is LS and JJ coupling?
How do you find J from L and S?
The electronic angular momentum is J = L + S, where L is the orbital angular momentum of the electron and S is its spin.
What is g tensor?
The g tensor is a fundamental quantity of molecules and impurity centers in solids characterizing the magnitude and anisotropy of their magnetic moment in a given electronic state. Experimentally, this quantity is most often extracted from EPR spectroscopy [1,2].
What is L and S in LS coupling?
In this coupling scheme it is presumed that the orbital angular momenta of the individual electrons add to form a resultant orbital angular momentum L. Similarly, the individual spin angular momenta should couple to produce a resultant spin angular momentum S. Then L and S combine to form the total angular momentum.
How is JJ coupling calculated?
As usual, the energy does not depend on mi, so the number of energy levels is determined by ji , i.e. from the angular momentum j = l + s of the individual electrons. For an np np’-configuration, j may take either of the values 3/2 or 1/2.
How do you calculate J in quantum mechanics?
The possible values for j are j = l + s, l – s; j = 3/2, ½. f = j + i, j + i – 1, j – i; f = 5/2, 3/2, ½.
What is the formula of Lande g-factor?
Total angular momentum (Landé) g-factor where μJ is the total magnetic moment resulting from both spin and orbital angular momentum of an electron, J = L + S is its total angular momentum, and μB is the Bohr magneton.