Table of Contents
What is pedunculopontine nucleus?
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) is a neurochemically and functionally heterogeneous structure that occupies a strategic position in the dorsal tegmentum of the midbrain and upper pons.
What is the cuneiform nucleus?
The cuneiform nucleus (mesencephalic reticular formation, Fig. 1) is the most caudal part of the reticular formation in the mesencephalon. It is ventral to the inferior colliculus, medial to the lateral lemniscus, dorsal to the brachium conjunctivum, and lateral to the mesencephalic nucleus and tract of the trigeminal.
Where is the lateral tegmental nucleus?
brainstem
The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. Its location is one-third of the way from the pedunculopontine nucleus to the thalamus, inferior to the pineal gland.
What does the Pedunculopontine nucleus produce?
The pedunculopontine nucleus is involved in many functions, including arousal, attention, learning, reward, and voluntary limb movements and locomotion. While once thought important to the initiation of movement, recent research suggests a role in providing sensory feedback to the cerebral cortex.
What is the mesencephalic locomotor region?
The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a functionally defined area of the midbrain that is associated with the initiation and control of locomotor movements in vertebrate species.
What is lateral tegmental?
The lateral tegmental field (LTF) or lateral tegmentum (more specifically the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and the solitary nucleus) is the source of several neural pathways in the brain’s noradrenaline system.
Where are nucleus accumbens?
The nucleus accumbens is found in an area of the brain called the basal forebrain. There is a nucleus accumbens in each cerebral hemisphere; it is situated between the caudate and putamen. The nucleus accumbens is considered part of the basal ganglia and also is the main component of the ventral striatum.
What are the nuclei of the midbrain?
These nuclei are the oculomotor nuclei which through the oculomotor nerve (III) is responsible for the control of the pupil and is involved in the control of most eye movements, and trochlear nuclei from which emerges the trochlear nerve (IV), which is the only pair of nerve to emerge from the midbrain in a dorsal …
What is mesencephalic nucleus?
The mesencephalic nucleus is one of four trigeminal nerve nuclei, three sensory and one motor. The other two sensory nuclei are the chief sensory nucleus mediating conscious facial touch and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, mediating pain and temperature in the head, and is of importance in headache.
What is the function of the ventral tegmental area?
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a hub of the mesocorticolimbic circuitry that plays a significant role in reward, motivation, cognition, and aversion. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which make up 65% of neurons in the VTA, have been the primary focus of research into this brain region.
Where is red nucleus located?
midbrain
Location. As previously stated, the nuclei are midline structures found within the tegmentum of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculi. The tegmentum is the region of the midbrain anterior to the cerebral aqueduct and posterior to the crus cerebri.
What is the pedunculopontine nucleus?
The pedunculopontine nucleus or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus is a collection of neurons located in the upper pons in the brainstem.
What is the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PTG)?
Paxinos and Watson (2006) and Puelles et al. (2007) have renamed the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus the pedunculotegmental nucleus (PTg), because pons is not a subdivision of the brain in the same subordination as the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon.
What are the subnuclei of the cerebellum?
It lies caudal to the substantia nigra and adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle. It has two divisions of subnuclei; the pars compacta containing mainly cholinergic neurons, and the pars dissipata containing mainly glutamatergic neurons and some non-cholinergic neurons.