What are cholinergic agents used for?
These drugs are widely used to dry up secretions and dilate the bronchi during anesthesia and to dilate the pupils during ophthalmological procedures. Scopolamine is also used to treat motion sickness, an effect that depends on its ability to depress the activity of the central nervous system.
What are the actions of cholinergic agents?
Cholinergic drugs work by stimulating the body’s nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Nicotinic receptors are involved in muscle tone, memory, analgesia, cognitive function, motor control, arousal, and reward.
What are the pharmacological uses of cholinergic agonists?
Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors. A stimulatory alkaloid found in tobacco products that is often used for the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and as an aid to smoking cessation.
What is a cholinergic reaction?
Cholinergic toxicity is caused by substances that stimulate, enhance or mimic the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous systems. Acetylcholine stimulates muscarinic and nicotinic receptors to cause muscle contraction and glandular secretions.
What are the pharmacological uses of cholinergic antagonists?
It is usually administered using a transdermal patch. Long-acting anticholinergics are used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to produce bronchodilation. As you know from Chapter 6, activation of β2 receptors will result in relaxation of the smooth muscle in the bronchial tree.
What is pharmacological action of acetylcholine?
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that functions in both the PNS and the CNS. The ANS (sympathetic and parasympathetic) uses acetylcholine to generate a nerve impulse. In PNS, ACh mainly acts on the muscular system by activating muscle contraction after being released in the neuromuscular junction.
What are the types of cholinergic agonists?
Cholinergic agonists are of two types:
- Direct-acting cholinergic agonists: directly bind to cholinergic receptors.
- Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists: increase the availability of acetylcholine at the cholinergic receptors.
What are the pharmacological uses of cholinergic agonists and cholinergic antagonists?
The major responses of cholinergic agonists are to stimulate bladder and gastrointestinal (GI) tone, constrict the pupils of the eyes, known as miosis, and increase neuromuscular transmission.
What are names of anticholinergic drugs?
List of anticholinergics
- atropine (Atropen)
- belladonna alkaloids.
- benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)
- clidinium.
- cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl)
- darifenacin (Enablex)
- dicylomine.
- fesoterodine (Toviaz)
What is the classification of anticholinergic drugs?
In broad terms, anticholinergics are divided into two categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central and peripheral nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction: antimuscarinic agents, and antinicotinic agents (ganglionic blockers, neuromuscular blockers).