Is tio2 A perovskite?
Titanium oxide (TiO2) is used commonly as the electron transport layer (ETL) of regular-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but suffers from low electron mobility, high defect state density, and high chemical catalytic activity, limiting the overall device performance.
Is perovskite toxic?
Unfortunately, the best perovskite solar cells contain toxic lead, which poses a hazard to the environment. However, it is surprisingly challenging to replace the lead with less toxic elements. One of the best alternatives is tin.
How much current does a perovskite solar cell produce?
The perovskite solar cells were measured under simulated AM1.5G solar light (100 mW cm −2) and showed an average short circuit current ( Jsc ), open circuit voltage ( Voc ), fill factor and PCE of: 15.0±1.4 mA cm −2, 1.0±0.09 V, 54.0±6.0% and 7.7±1.5%, respectively.
What are the advantages of perovskites?
The use of perovskites affords several advantages: a direct bandgap that is tuneable by changing the chemical composition of the material 8, 9, ambipolar charge transport 10, long carrier lifetimes 11 and long charge diffusion lengths in the micrometre range 12, 13, 14.
Can thiols enhance the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells?
Habisreutinger, S. N. et al. Carbon nanotube/polymer composites as a highly stable hole collection layer in perovskite solar cells. Nano Lett. 14, 5561–5568 (2014). Cao, J. et al. Thiols as interfacial modifiers to enhance the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
How do you protect perovskite from water?
Field’s metal, a fusible InBiSn alloy, is used to efficiently protect the perovskite from water while simultaneously allowing the photogenerated electrons to reach a Pt hydrogen evolution catalyst. A record photocurrent density of −9.8 mA cm −2 at 0 V versus RHE with an onset potential as positive as 0.95±0.03 V versus RHE is obtained.