Which earthquake in Japan caused the liquefaction and tilted the buildings in 1964?
1964 Niigata earthquake
1964 Niigata earthquake, Japan The Niigata earthquake of June 16, 1964 had a magnitude of 7.5 and caused severe damage to many structures in Niigata. The destruction was observed to be largely limited to buildings that were founded on top of loose, saturated soil deposits.
What happened to the Niigata Japan apartment building mentioned in the book during a 1964 earthquake?
Following a 1964 earthquake in Niigata, Japan, geotechnical engineers were astonished to see four-story apartment buildings tipped like dominoes, the soil beneath them having lost the strength to support the structures.
Did Tohoku earthquake have liquefaction?
The Great East Japan Earthquake caused liquefaction over a wide area from Tohoku to Kanto, where Tokyo is located, and when the earthquake stopped underground water burst up over the ground with soil grains, a phenomenon called jetted sand.
What are the two reasons for liquefaction?
Critical temperature and pressure Two important properties of gases are important in developing methods for their liquefaction: critical temperature and critical pressure. The critical temperature of a gas is the temperature at or above which no amount of pressure, however great, will cause the gas to liquefy.
Who could be affected of liquefaction?
Key Takeaways. Liquefaction is a type of risk affecting land owners and insurers. It refers to soil instability due to water inflows, earthquakes, and other causes. Liquefaction can cause severe damage, or even complete destruction, of buildings and infrastructure.
What happens to buildings during liquefaction?
Typical effects of liquefaction include loss of bearing strength, wherein the ground can no longer support structures built on it; lateral spreading, where a surface layer slides down slopes, a common cause of road damage and ruptured gas and water lines; and flotation, in which objects buried underground, like …
How did Alaska’s 1964 earthquake affect the offshore environment?
How did Alaska’s 1964 earthquake affect the offshore environment? Uplifted segments of the ocean floor became islands with freshwater ponds.
What happens to a building during liquefaction?
What you should do when encountering liquefaction?
The most common way of preventing the occurrence of liquefaction are foundation soil improvement methods. One type of improvement is to replace the susceptible soil with the appropriate amount of gravel. A more favourable form of the granulometric soil curve in a narrower location is obtained in this way.
What was the impact of the 1964 Alaska earthquake?
The earthquake triggered a swell of devastating tsunamis, landslides and submarine slumps which caused massive property damage and loss of life. The death toll reached 131 people: 15 died during the initial tremors and the rest in the subsequent tsunamis and landslides.
What was the damage of the 1964 Alaska earthquake?
Major structural damage occurred in many of the major cities in Alaska. The damage totalled 300-400 million dollars (1964 dollars). The number of deaths from the earthquake totalled 131; 115 in Alaska and 16 in Oregon and California.
Who could be affected in liquefaction?
How does liquefaction affect the environment?
When liquefaction occurs, the strength of the soil decreases and, the ability of a soil deposit to support foundations for buildings and bridges is reduced as seen in the photo (SC) of the overturned apartment complex buildings in Niigata in 1964.
What type of fault caused the 1964 Alaska earthquake?
thrust fault boundary
The 1964 Alaska earthquake resulted from rupture along the thrust fault boundary bet- ween the downgoing Pacific Plate and the overriding North American Plate, causing widespread shaking and tectonic defor- mation.
What happened in the 1964 Niigata earthquake?
The infamous Niigata earthquake occured on June 16, 1964. It had a magnitude of 7.5 and caused 36 deaths and 385 injuries. Although this earthquake affected a large portion of Japan, the Niigata Prefecture had the largest infrastructure damage. Thus, this paper will focus on this particular prefecture.
When to submit a case study of liquefaction in the 1964 Niigata earthquake?
Written discussions on this paper should be submitted before July 1, 1982. Case Studies of Liquefaction in the 1964 Niigata Earthquake Kenji Ishihara, Professor of Civil Engineering 1 Yasuyuki Koga, Chief Research Engineer 2 1 University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo.
Which prefecture had the largest infrastructure damage from the Niigata earthquake?
Although this earthquake affected a large portion of Japan, the Niigata Prefecture had the largest infrastructure damage. Thus, this paper will focus on this particular prefecture. One very characteristic thing about Niigata was that this was the first time that an earthquake titled or overturned many buildings.
Where is the epicenter of the Honshu earthquake?
The epicenter was on the continental shelf off the northwest coast of Honshu, Japan in Niigata Prefecture, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the city of Niigata. The earthquake caused liquefaction over large parts of the city.