Table of Contents
How do you treat polyoma virus?
There is no specific antiviral therapy for polyomaviruses. Currently, treatment is largely supportive and involves reduction in the doses of immunosuppressive agents. However, this approach requires close follow-up because it may lead to subsequent graft failure resulting from acute cellular rejection.
What is polyomavirus associated nephropathy?
Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) is an emerging disease in renal transplant patients with variable prevalence of 1-10% and graft loss up to 80%. BK virus (BKV) is the primary etiologic agent, but JC virus (JCV) and possibly simian virus SV40 may account for some cases.
How is polyoma virus transmitted?
Since most humans are infected with JCV and BKV, these data indicate that the ingestion of contaminated water or food could represent a possible portal of entrance of these viruses or polyomavirus DNA into the human population.
What are the symptoms of polyomavirus?
Most commonly, birds die quickly with no clinical signs. Some infected birds may show depression, anorexia, weight loss, delayed crop emptying, regurgitation, diarrhea, wet droppings, dehydration, difficulty breathing, abdominal enlargement, hemorrhagic areas under the skin, and tremors for 12-48 hours before death.
Which disease do Polyomaviruses predominantly cause?
The human polyomaviruses, BK virus and JC virus, have long been associated with serious diseases including polyomavirus nephropathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Both viruses establish ubiquitous, persistent infections in healthy individuals.
Does polyomavirus cause tumor?
In addition, MCPyV is associated with the development of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and is considered a group 2A carcinogen (probably carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer 51. It is accepted that PyV-associated tumors develop after the interruption of the viral life cycle.
How is French molt treated?
Suggestions include: 1) supplementation of animal protein and vitamins in the diet of breeders; 2) pulling abnormal and loose feathers to stimulate replacement; 3) limit breeding to two clutches per breeding pair per year; and 4) selection against French molt in the breeding program.
How common are Polyomaviruses?
Clinical relevance. All the polyomaviruses are highly common childhood and young adult infections. Most of these infections appear to cause little or no symptoms. These viruses are probably lifelong persistent among almost all adults.
What cells do Polyomaviruses infect?
Human polyomavirus infects urothelial cells and/or renal tubular cells, especially in renal transplant patients. Urothelial cells infected with human polyomavirus are always seen singly and are generally small (Fig. 12.37), although larger infected cells may be similar in size to high-grade urothelial carcinoma cells.
What virus causes Merkel cell?
Merkel cells are connected to the nerve endings in the skin that are responsible for the sense of touch. Researchers recently discovered that a common virus plays a role in causing most cases of Merkel cell carcinoma. The virus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) lives on the skin and doesn’t cause any signs or symptoms.
Can French Moult be cured?
There are no drugs to treat French Moult, but the fact that French Moult infects baby birds and not adult birds helps us to combat this complex disease. The disease is controlled and prevented by selecting birds for breeding which are free of the French Moult disease.
Can French molt spread?
Causes of Polyomavirus (French Molt) in Birds The introduction of a new bird is always a risk; buying, selling and showing must be taken very seriously due to the highly contagious nature of French molt. The disease is easily spreadable from aviary to aviary.