What is object drug and precipitant drug?
For each DDI, the object drug was defined as the medication that has its therapeutic effect modified by the drug interaction process. The precipitant drug was defined as the medication responsible for affecting the pharmacologic action or the pharmacokinetic properties of the object drug.
What are the four different types of drug-drug interactions?
Types of drug interactions
- Drug-drug. A drug-drug reaction is when there’s an interaction between two or more prescription drugs.
- Drug-nonprescription treatment. This is a reaction between a drug and a nonprescription treatment.
- Drug-food.
- Drug-alcohol.
- Drug-disease.
- Drug-laboratory.
What is the difference between enzyme inducer and inhibitor?
The key difference between enzyme inhibitor and enzyme inducer is that enzyme inhibitor decreases the activity of an enzyme by binding with the active site of the enzyme. In contrast, enzyme inducer increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme either by binding to it or by increasing the gene expression.
What is drug precipitation?
Drug precipitation in vivo is often an undesirable outcome after administration of a drug formulation into a human body. It is a process in which a drug solute precipitates in vivo when the solubilization capacity of the formulation for the drug has decreased.
What is a level 3 drug interaction?
Level 3 alerts are the least serious interactions which are presented as non-interruptive or information alerts.
What is a Level 2 drug interaction?
Level 2 alerts are less serious, but still require action by the clinician in that the clinician is required to discontinue one or the other drug, or to select an override reason. Review of the reasons given for overriding alerts in the earlier system led to the creation of a pick list of frequent reasons.
What are 3 mechanisms of drug-drug interactions?
The pharmacodynamic interactions of drug-on-drug can be divided into three broad groups: interference with drug effects on receptor function, interference with a physiological control process, and additive or opposing physiological effects. To elaborate on these is the objective of this chapter.
What is drug inducer?
Some drugs—called “enzyme inducers”—are capable of increasing the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, resulting in a decrease in the effect of certain other drugs.
What are substrates inhibitors and inducers?
Some Common Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers of CYP450 Isoenzymes
| Substrates | Inhibitors | Inducers |
|---|---|---|
| Amitriptyline | Amiodarone | Omeprazole |
| Clomipramine | Cimetidine | Broccoli |
| Clozapine | Ciprofloxacin | Brussels sprouts |
| Imipramine | Fluvoxamine | Cigarette Smoking |
What is the drug disulfiram?
Disulfiram is used to treat chronic alcoholism. It causes unpleasant effects when even small amounts of alcohol are consumed. These effects include flushing of the face, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, weakness, blurred vision, mental confusion, sweating, choking, breathing difficulty, and anxiety.
What is drug monograph?
A Product Monograph is a factual, scientific document on a drug product that, devoid of promotional material, describes the properties, claims, indications and conditions of use of the drug and contains any other information that may be required for optimal, safe and effective use of the drug.
What causes drug precipitation?
Drug precipitation may be triggered by many factors such as insolubility of the drug in co-solvent, drug-excipient interactions, physiochemical properties of the drug, sudden change in the pH of the environment, incompatibility with the surfactant, etc.
What is the difference between GEQ and Daw?
Most pharmacies will fill prescriptions with a generic medication GEQ (Generic Equivalent) unless the Physician has written DAW (Dispense as Written) on the order. name medication; this is usually related to the in-active ingredients.
How are drug interactions classified?
Generally classified in terms of proposed mechanism, drug interactions may be causal to physicochemical incompatibility, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction(s), or combinations of each.
What are object drugs and precipitant drugs?
When discussing drug interactions, the drug affected by the interaction is called the “object drug,” and the drug causing the interaction is called the “precipitant drug.”
What is a precipitant in pharmacology?
The precipitant drug was defined as the medication responsible for affecting the pharmacologic action or the pharmacokinetic properties of the object drug.
What is the initial source of information when identifying potential drug-drug interactions?
Although regulatory agency approved prescribing information is often the initial source of information when identifying potential drug-drug interactions, it may only provide for a limited number of exemplars or only reference a class of medications without providing any specific medication examples.
Are there any medications not included in the drug-drug interactions list?
Disclaimer: While every attempt has been made to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive list of drug-drug interactions, there may be OTC, herbal, and prescription medications not included.