Table of Contents
What is mineralizing angiopathy?
Mineralizing microangiopathy is a condition characterized by parenchymal cerebral calcifications and is usually seen in children as a complication of cranial radiotherapy and chemotherapy 1,2.
Where are the basal ganglia?
The structures generally included in the basal ganglia are the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus in the cerebrum, the substantia nigra in the midbrain, and the subthalamic nucleus in the diencephalon. The word basal refers to the fact that the basal ganglia are found near the base, or bottom, of the brain.
What causes mineralization in the brain?
Causes. Primary familial brain calcification is caused by mutations in one of several genes. The most commonly mutated gene is called SLC20A2, and accounts for an estimated 40 percent of cases, followed by the PDGFRB gene, which is mutated in about 10 percent of cases.
What artery supplies the basal ganglia?
the middle cerebral artery
Highlights. The internal capsule and basal ganglia are supplied by the perforating arteries. The upper part of these structures is perfused by the perforators of the middle cerebral artery. The lower and anterior part is perfused by the perforators of the anterior cerebral artery.
What does the basal ganglia do in the brain?
The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.
What is mineralization of the basal ganglia?
Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr’s disease) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symmetrical and bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia. Calcifications may also occur in other brain regions such as dentate nucleus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex.
What is a basal ganglia stroke?
This type of stroke occurs when blood leaks from a burst, torn, or unstable blood vessel into the tissue in the brain. The buildup of blood can create swelling, pressure, and, ultimately, brain damage. Many basal ganglia strokes are hemorrhagic strokes, which often result from uncontrolled high blood pressure.
What is a basal ganglia bleed?
Basal ganglia hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, and usually are a result of poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although also have other causes. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see cerebral microhemorrhages).
What symptoms would you expect to see in a patient with damage to the basal nuclei?
Damage to the basal ganglia cells may cause problems controlling speech, movement, and posture. This combination of symptoms is called parkinsonism. A person with basal ganglia dysfunction may have difficulty starting, stopping, or sustaining movement.