Table of Contents
What are the classifications of cytokines?
Cytokines have been classed as lymphokines, interleukins, and chemokines, based on their presumed function, cell of secretion, or target of action. Because cytokines are characterised by considerable redundancy and pleiotropism, such distinctions, allowing for exceptions, are obsolete.
What are the four types of cytokines?
Types of Cytokines
- Interferons.
- Chemokines.
- Interleukins (many interleukins are considered to be lymphokines)
- TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
What are the names of cytokines?
The major acute innate cytokines, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, CXCL8 (formerly IL-18), G-CSF, and GM-CSF, are used locally to activate endothelial cells and local tissue leukocytes (mast cells [MCs], dendritic cells [DCs], γδ T cells, and neurones), triggering cytokine-mediated amplification loops generating chemokine …
How many different cytokines are there?
As of this writing, 33 cytokines are called interleukins, but many are part of families of related but distinct gene products. There are certainly over 100 separate genes coding for cytokine-like activities, many with overlapping functions and many still unexplored.
How many cytokines are there?
What are Type I and Type II cytokines?
Type I cytokines increase the inflammatory response (i.e., type I = pro-inflammatory), while type II cytokines decrease the inflammatory response (i.e., type II = anti-inflammatory; Dong et al., 2011).
What are cytokines and their functions?
Cytokines are small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells. When released, they signal the immune system to do its job. Cytokines affect the growth of all blood cells and other cells that help the body’s immune and inflammation responses.
What are common cytokines?
Common human cytokines and their receptors1.
- IL-1-Like Cytokines.
- Common γChain Cytokines.
- Common β Chain Cytokines.
- IL-6-Like Cytokines.
- IL-10-Like Cytokines.
- Interferons.
- Tumor Necrosis Factors.
- TGF-β
What are the roles of cytokines?
The primary function of cytokines is to regulate inflammation, and as such, play a vital role in regulating the immune response in health and disease. There are proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.