Table of Contents
What is the protein associated with eukaryotic DNA?
histones
Eukaryotic DNA is packed into bundles of chromosomes, each consisting of a linear DNA molecule coiled around basic (alkaline) proteins called histones, which wind the DNA into a more compact form.
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic DNA?
Eukaryotic DNA is linear, compacted into chromosomes by histones, and has telomeres at each end to protect from deterioration. Prokaryotes contain circular DNA in addition to smaller, transferable DNA plasmids. Eukaryotic cells contain mitochondrial DNA in addition to nuclear DNA.
What is a eukaryotic cell characterized by?
Above all, eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. Also, eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm.
What basic proteins associate with DNA?
Histones are a family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help condense it into chromatin. Nuclear DNA does not appear in free linear strands; it is highly condensed and wrapped around histones in order to fit inside of the nucleus and take part in the formation of chromosomes.
Which protein is found in DNA?
Histone
Histone is the protein present in DNA. It is made up of basic amino acids like lysine, arginine, whereas DNA is negatively charged. Due to the opposite charges between DNA and histone protein, the highly coiled DNA has been tightly packaged inside the nucleus.
What is the structure of DNA in eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes contain double-stranded linear DNA molecules packaged into chromosomes. The DNA helix is wrapped around proteins to form nucleosomes. The protein coils are further coiled, and during mitosis and meiosis, the chromosomes become even more greatly coiled to facilitate their movement.
How is eukaryotic DNA different from prokaryotic DNA?
The structure and chemical composition of the DNA in both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are different. The prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, no organelles and a very small amount of DNA. On the other hand, the eukaryotic cells have nucleus and cell organelles, and the amount of DNA present is large.
Where is DNA in eukaryotic cells?
the nucleus
In eukaryotes, the cell’s genetic material, or DNA, is contained within an organelle called the nucleus, where it is organized in long molecules called chromosomes.
What is a characteristic of eukaryotes quizlet?
Eukaryotic cells. Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes. Differences between plant and animal cells. Plants: Have chloroplasts, have a cell wall, have central vacuoles. Animals: Have centrioles.
How is DNA packaged up in eukaryotes?
In eukaryotes, however, genetic material is housed in the nucleus and tightly packaged into linear chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of a DNA-protein complex called chromatin that is organized into subunits called nucleosomes.
Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus
The nucleus is particularly important among eukaryotic organelles because it is the location of a cell’s DNA.
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic chromosomes?
Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of a DNA-protein complex that is organized in a compact manner which permits the large amount of DNA to be stored in the nucleus of the cell. The subunit designation of the chromosome is chromatin. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome.
What substance is DNA packaged in eukaryotes?
histone proteins
All eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus that contains the DNA. DNA is a negatively charged polymer, packed compactly within the chromatin engirdling the histone proteins, a ball of positively charged proteins. The octamer of histone proteins is wrapped with DNA helix, giving rise to a structure called nucleosome.
Which is a term that describes the DNA in a eukaryotic cell?
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
How is DNA stored in eukaryotes?
In eukaryotic cells, most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (though some DNA is also contained in other organelles, such as in the mitochondria and the chloroplast in plants). Nuclear DNA is organized into linear molecules called chromosomes. The size and number of chromosomes varies significantly between species.
What are characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is where eukaryotes store their genetic information.
What is the role of histone protein in packaging of DNA in eukaryotes?
Histones are proteins responsible for DNA packaging. The DNA wraps around the histones. Histones are positively charged proteins and hence can easily bind to the negatively charged DNA. Histones are also involved in controlling the expression of the genes.
What is the name for the diffuse complex of DNA and proteins in a eukaryotic cell?
The proteins that bind to the DNA to form eucaryotic chromosomes are traditionally divided into two general classes: the histones and the nonhistone chromosomal proteins. The complex of both classes of protein with the nuclear DNA of eucaryotic cells is known as chromatin.
Is DNA replication the same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
DNA Replication in Eukaryotes. The essential steps of replication are the same as in prokaryotes. Starting replication is more complex in eukaryotes. At the origin of replication, a pre-replication complex is made with other initiator proteins. Other proteins are then recruited to start the replication process.
Eukaryotic DNA is wound around proteins known as histones to form structures called nucleosomes. The DNA must be made accessible in order for DNA replication to proceed.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?
Eukaryotic chromosomes are much longer than bacterial ones and have multiple replication origins. Just as in prokaryotes, several proteins load onto the origin of replication in a specific order to control replication initiation in eukaryotes.
What is the mechanism of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
The mechanism of eukaryotic DNA replication is similar to that of prokaryotic DNA replication. However, eukaryotic DNA replication requires special consideration due to differences in DNA sizes, unique linear DNA end structures called telomeres, and distinctive DNA packaging that involves complexes with histones.