Table of Contents
How does the elevated plus maze work?
This test is designed to observe anxiety effects and how it affects learning. The rodent is placed on the enclosed arm and allowed to explore. The trial ends when the rodents sets all four paws in on the open arms. Rodents are allowed multiple trials until they learn to stay in the open arm for 300 seconds.
Who invented the elevated plus maze?
In 1984, Handley and Mithani reported on preliminary work with the elevated X (plus) maze test described above. The original test apparatus was raised 70 cm above the floor, and comprised two closed and two open arms, each of which measured 45 cm long by 10 cm wide.
What is the elevated zero maze test?
The elevated plus maze (EPM) and elevated zero maze (EZM) are behavioral tests that are widely employed to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rats and mice following experimental manipulations, or to test the effects of pharmacological agents.
What is elevated plus used for?
The Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test is used to assess anxiety-related behavior in rodent models of CNS disorders. The EPM apparatus consists of a “+”-shaped maze elevated above the floor with two oppositely positioned closed arms, two oppositely positioned open arms, and a center area.
What is novelty suppressed feeding test?
Novelty-suppressed feeding In the NSF test, rodents are food-deprived for 24–48 h and then tested for latency to consume chow in a novel environment, which is typically an open field. The novel environment induces anxiety, resulting in a delayed food intake.
What is the distinct difference between elevated plus maze and elevated zero maze?
The main difference in the Zero is that it removes the center region found in the Plus. Depending on treatment, animals tested here in the Plus spent 13% to 30% of their test time in the center, thereby decreasing the time spent in open or closed areas by 39–90 s of the total 300 s test session.
What is latency to feed?
The main measure of the test is latency to eat (defined as the amount of time it takes for the animal to enter the center of the arena and bite the food pellet with use of forepaws while sitting on its haunches).
What is Y maze?
Y Maze Spontaneous Alternation is a behavioral test for measuring the willingness of rodents to explore new environments. Rodents typically prefer to investigate a new arm of the maze rather than returning to one that was previously visited.
Who invented the T maze?
Robert Yerkes
The T-maze is a T-shaped apparatus allowing a choice between two opposite arms. A first T-maze apparatus was designed at the beginning of the 1910s by Robert Yerkes (1876–1956) at Harvard University for the study of invertebrate cognition, in particular learning processes in the earthworm5.
What is a zero maze?
The zero maze is used to test anxiety- and exploration-related behaviors in rats and mice. The elevated zero maze is very similar to the elevated plus maze, but lacks a center square.
What is the Y maze test?
What is a Y maze?
The Y maze is widely used to assess behavioral task in preclinical research for studying spatial learning and memory. The use of Y maze tests includes spontaneous alternation test and recognition memory test. These tests have been shown to be sensitive to hippocampal damage, gene manipulations, and amnestic drugs.
What is the elevated plus maze test?
The Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test is used to assess anxiety-related behavior in rodent models of CNS disorders. The EPM apparatus consists of a “+”-shaped maze elevated above the floor with two oppositely positioned closed arms, two oppositely positioned open arms, and a center area.
How does the open arm of the elevated plus maze affect rodents?
Other anxiety-related behaviors of rodents, such as freezing/immobility and defecation, are increased on the open arms of the maze compared to the closed arms1. Construct validity of the elevated plus maze
What is the elevated T maze (ETM)?
The elevated T maze (ETM) has three arms in the shape of the letter “T”. One arm is closed and perpendicular to the other two arms which are open. This test is designed to observe anxiety effects and how it affects learning.
How does the observer collect data in the elevated plus maze?
The observer makes hatchmarks on a data sheet for each arm entry that a rodent makes in the elevated plus maze and uses a timer to determine the duration spent on the open arms. This allows for comparisons between the two methods of data collection.