Table of Contents
What is biological sulphate reduction?
Biological sulfate reduction is widely used for treating sulfate-containing wastewaters from industries such as mining, tannery, pulp and paper, and textiles. In biological reduction, sulfate is converted to hydrogen sulfide as the end product.
What is the difference between Assimilatory and Dissimilatory metabolism?
Assimilatory metabolism refers to metabolic processes wherein elements are incorporated into cellular structures (anabolism), whereas dissimilatory metabolism refers to processes wherein elements are oxidized or reduced, and the organism utilizes the energy released in the process (catabolism).
What is assimilative Sulphur reduction?
Sulfur assimilation is the process by which organisms obtain sulfur, an essential element for growth and metabolism of most organisms.
Why are sulfate-reducing bacteria important?
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) facilitate the conversion of sulfate to sulfide with the sulfides reacting with heavy metals to precipitate toxic metals as metal sulfide. These metal sulfides are stable and can easily be removed from AMTW (Cohen, 2006).
What do you mean by Dissimilatory nitrate reduction?
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction is a process for energy conservation, in which nitrate is used as an electron acceptor in the (near) absence of oxygen (e.g., Fewson and Nicholas, 1961; Strohm et al., 2007; Kraft et al., 2011; Thamdrup, 2012).
Why is reducing sulfate important?
Sulfate reduction is a vital mechanism for bacteria and archaea living in oxygen-depleted, sulfate-rich environments. Sulfate reducers may be organotrophic, using carbon compounds, such as lactate and pyruvate as electron donors, or lithotrophic, and use hydrogen gas (H2) as an electron donor.
What is ammonium assimilation?
Ammonium is assimilated into amino acids through the sequential action of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) enzymes.
What is assimilation in sulfur cycle?
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the geosphere and biosphere. Sulfur is released from rocks through weathering, and then assimilated by microbes and plants. It is then passed up the food chain and assimilated by plants and animals, and released when they decompose.
What is the key difference between the purple sulfur bacteria and the Purple Nonsulfur bacteria?
Purple photosynthetic bacteria, which are typical anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, are classified into purple sulfur and purple non-sulfur bacteria. Purple sulfur bacteria use sulfide and hydrogen as an electron donor, whereas purple non-sulfur bacteria utilize organic compounds (Madigan and Jun, 2009).
What do sulfate-reducing bacteria produce?
Sulfate-reducing bacteria also generate neurotoxic methylmercury as a byproduct of their metabolism, through methylation of inorganic mercury present in their surroundings. They are known to be the dominant source of this bioaccumulative form of mercury in aquatic systems.
What do you mean by Assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction state their significance?
Assimilatory nitrate reduction, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia, and denitrification are the. microbial processes that utilize nitrate. The first is expected under aerobic conditions when reduced. nitrogen is limiting: the amount of nitrate reduced should parallel growth. The other two dissimila-