How many Alphaviruses are there?
There are 32 alphaviruses, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates.
What does togaviridae cause?
The Togaviridae include the major causes of infectious arthropod-borne equine encephalitides and are divided into two main groups: the Alphaviridae—including Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), Western equine encephalitis (WEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)—and the Flaviviridae, including West Nile virus ( …
How is alphavirus treated?
Treatment of illness There is no specific treatment or established cure for alphaviruses. Supportive care (intravenous fluids, medicine to control fever and pain) is the standard treatment.
How do Alphaviruses replicate?
The replication and propagation of viruses is dependent on entry into permissive cells. Viral entry is initiated by attachment of virions to cells, leading to internalization, and uncoating to release genetic material for replication and propagation.
Which of the following is a virus that is a member of family Togaviridae?
Rubella virus is the only member of togavirus family that causes significant disease in human—German measles. Epidemiology: Togaviruses are largely transmitted via mosquitoes.
Is rubella still a togavirus?
The rubella virus, a togavirus of the genus Rubivirus, is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus with a single serotype that does not cross-react with other togaviruses. Humans are the only known host, with seasonal epidemics occurring every 5-9 years over a worldwide distribution.
Is rubella a togavirus or Matonaviridae?
The Virus. Rubella virus is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus classified as a Rubivirus in the Matonaviridae family.
What disease is caused by alphavirus?
Alphaviruses, such as Chikungunya virus, O’Nyong–Nyong virus, Ross River virus, have been widely known to cause fever, rash, and rheumatic diseases.
Which of the following are common clinical symptoms of alphavirus infection?
Alphavirus infections are characterized by the triad of fever, arthralgia and rash. These clinical features occur abruptly after an incubation period of 2–10 days. In the early phase, fever, muscle pains, malaise and headache dominate the clinical picture.
How is Togaviridae transmitted?
Togaviruses are important veterinary pathogens, and are transmitted via mosquitoes. Some of them are zoonotic viruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). Rubella virus is the only member of togavirus family that causes significant disease in human—German measles.
Is flavivirus a DNA or RNA virus?
The Flaviviridae are a family of positive, single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses. They are found in arthropods, (primarily ticks and mosquitoes), and can occasionally infect humans. Members of this family belong to a single genus, Flavivirus, and cause widespread morbidity and mortality throughout the world.