Table of Contents
How do you calculate detonation velocity?
The formula is: D = a + bρ (1.1) 2 Page 13 It is suggested that the density be within 0.85 of the TMD for this equation to be accurate within 10% to 15%. One method set forth by Kalmet and Jacobs [9] uses a specific hierarchy for the detonation products to estimate detonation velocity.
What is the detonation velocity of PETN?
(Figure 2-11) Page 12 32 PETN-PETN (pentaerythritoltetranitrate) has a crystal density of 1.76 g/cc and a confined detonation velocity of over 25,000 fps.
What is meant by velocity of detonation?
Explosive velocity, also known as detonation velocity or velocity of detonation (VoD), is the velocity at which the shock wave front travels through a detonated explosive. Explosive velocities are always faster than the local speed of sound in the material.
What is the detonation velocity of TNT?
The velocity of detonation of T.N.T. rises as the diameter of the cylinder is increased from a ‘boundary diameter’, below which there is no propagation, to a ‘limiting diameter’ at which the velocity reaches a maximum value. In castings of density 1.625 the maximum velocity is 6950 m./sec.
Can you burn PETN?
93% TMD PETN in Steel – Piston Impact Ignition The burn is steady and traverses the entire length of the tube without any indications that it will transition to detonation. However, the compressive burn completely consumes all of the PETN and also does significant damage to the tube.
How much more powerful is C-4 than TNT?
C4 explosives have more complete destructive power compared to TNT and the number of effective explosives required to destroy the concrete with the strength of fc = 229.31 kg / cm2 is 122 g.
Are peanuts used in dynamite?
Peanut oil can be processed to produce glycerol, which can be used to make nitroglycerine, an explosive liquid used in dynamite. However, there are other processes that can be used to make dynamite without using peanuts at all. So, this little factoid isn’t completely false and it isn’t completely true.
What is the normal detonation velocity of an explosive?
Typical detonation velocities in gases range from 1800 m/s to 3000 m/s. Typical velocities in solid explosives often range beyond 4000 m/s to 10300 m/s. Detonation velocity can be measured by the Dautriche method.
Why do explosives detonate faster in confined areas?
If the explosive is confined before detonation, such as in an artillery shell, the force produced is focused on a much smaller area, and the pressure is significantly intensified. This results in an explosive velocity that is higher than if the explosive had been detonated in open air.
Why do explosives explode faster than the speed of sound?
Explosive velocities are always faster than the local speed of sound in the material. If the explosive is confined before detonation, such as in an artillery shell, the force produced is focused on a much smaller area, and the pressure is significantly intensified.