How many VEI 8 eruptions have there been?
This would be a mass of uncompacted ejecta ten kilometers in length, ten kilometers in width and ten kilometers deep. Eruptions at Toba (74,000 years ago), Yellowstone (640,000 years ago), and Lake Taupo (26,500 years ago) are three of the 47 VEI 8 sites that have been identified.
Has there ever been a VEI 9 eruption?
According to the USGS, it is the largest known eruption since the Ordovician era, between 504 and 438 million years ago. It was so large, in fact, that in a 2004 report in the Bulletin of Volcanology, scientists recommended adding a ninth level to the VEI scale, and declared the La Garita eruption a magnitude 9.2.
What is the highest VEI ever recorded?
1. Yellowstone eruption, 640,000 years ago (VEI 8)
What VEI was Mount St Helens?
5
The May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens rated a VEI of 5, but just barely; its lateral blast was powerful, but its output of magma was rather small. The VEI has been determined for more than 5,000 eruptions in the last 10,000 years.
What is the most violent eruption?
The most violent eruption registered in history was that in the La Garita Caldera in the United States. It occurred 2.1 million years ago and formed a 35 x 75 km crater, drastically changing the climate on Earth. Fortunately, these eruptions are rare: they occur every 50,000 or 100,000 years.
What is the most powerful supervolcano?
Mt. Tambora—which is still active—holds rank in its own category: the most explosive volcanic event ever recorded by humans. The initial blasts back in April 1815 were heard some 1200 miles away—1200 miles!
What would a VEI 8 eruption be like?
Volcanic eruptions that rated 8 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. Such eruptions release a tephra volume of at least 1,000 km3 (240 cu mi) with annihilating long-term effects on the surrounding area and devastating short-term effects on global climate, leaving profound effects on the climate for years to come.
Is Apolaki a supervolcano?
The Apolaki Caldera is a volcanic crater with a diameter of 150 kilometers (93 mi), making it the world’s largest caldera. It is located within the Benham Rise (Philippine Rise) and was discovered in 2019 by Jenny Anne Barretto, a Filipina marine geophysicist and her team….Apolaki Caldera.
| Apolaki Crater | |
|---|---|
| Mountain type | Volcanic caldera |
How many VEI 7 volcanoes are there?
The only unambiguous VEI-7 eruption to have been directly observed in recorded history was Mount Tambora in 1815 and caused the Year Without a Summer in 1816. The Minoan eruption of Thera in the middle of the second millennium BC may have been VEI-7, but may have been just shy of the 100 cubic kilometers required.
What is the VEI scale of volcanic eruptions?
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale that describes the size of explosive volcanic eruptions based on magnitude and intensity. The numerical scale (from 0 to 8) is a logarithmic scale, and is generally analogous to the Richter and other magnitude scales for the size of earthquakes.
What is an 8 a supervolcano?
A supervolcano is a large volcano that has had an eruption of magnitude 8, which is the largest value on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). This means the volume of deposits for that eruption is greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles).
What is the range of magnitude 8 on the volcanic eruption scale?
The scale is open-ended with the largest volcanoes in history given magnitude 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m 3 (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a mega-colossal explosive eruption that can eject 1.0 × 10 12 m 3 (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of
What is the largest volcanic eruption in the world?
The largest eruption shown is the 600,000 years ago Yellowstone Caldera erutption with a volume of about 1,000 km3. The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale that describes the size of explosive volcanic eruptions based on magnitude and intensity.