Table of Contents
What is hepatotoxicity to drugs?
Hepatotoxicity is the injury or liver damage caused by exposure to drugs; it is an adverse drug reaction that may be uncommon but serious. The hepatic injury can be classified into hepatocellular, cholestatic and mixed, caused by increase in alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase than upper limit of normal.
How does HIV damage the liver?
People with HIV often have problems that affect the liver. HIV can infect liver cells, and the virus can cause persistent inflammation—even when the viral load is undetectable—that can harm organs throughout the body. Some medications can cause liver damage, including certain HIV meds.
What drugs cause severe hepatotoxicity?
The first drug of the thiazolidinedione class, troglitazone, was withdrawn due to its potential to cause severe hepatotoxicity. Rarely, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone have been reported to cause hepatotoxicity, including cases of hepatic failure. Among sulfonylureas, glimepiride is associated with cholestatic DILI.
Does HIV treatment damage liver?
Some anti-HIV drugs, particularly nevirapine (Viramune), and other prescription medication can cause the liver to become inflamed. Extremely large doses of vitamin A can also cause liver damage. Severe liver damage can increase the chances of developing liver cancer, which can prove fatal.
What causes liver toxicity?
Toxic hepatitis is an inflammation of your liver in reaction to certain substances to which you’re exposed. Toxic hepatitis can be caused by alcohol, chemicals, drugs or nutritional supplements. In some cases, toxic hepatitis develops within hours or days of exposure to a toxin.
Which drugs accumulate in liver?
Examples of drugs that more commonly cause elevations of liver enzymes in the blood include the statins (used in treating high blood cholesterol levels) some antibiotics, some antidepressants (used in treating depression), and some medications used for treating diabetes, tacrine (Cognex), aspirin, and quinidine ( …
What is liver toxicity and failure?
Acute liver failure is loss of liver function that occurs rapidly — in days or weeks — usually in a person who has no preexisting liver disease. It’s most commonly caused by a hepatitis virus or drugs, such as acetaminophen. Acute liver failure is less common than chronic liver failure, which develops more slowly.
What is DILI in medicine?
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an injury of the liver that may occur when you take certain medicines. Other types of liver injury include: Viral hepatitis. Alcoholic hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis.
How is drug induced hepatotoxicity treated?
The only specific treatment for most cases of liver damage caused by taking a drug is to stop taking the drug that caused the problem. However, if you took high doses of acetaminophen, you should get treated for liver injury in the emergency department or other acute treatment setting as soon as possible.
What is the meaning of DILI?
drug-induced liver injury.
Which antibiotics are nephrotoxic?
The potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics in current clinical use are neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, bacitracin, the polymyxins (polymyxin B, and colistin), and amphotericin B.