What is NIRS monitoring?
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive technology that continuously monitors regional tissue oxygenation. Originally used for assessment of oxygen saturation of the brain, its use has now been expanded to evaluation of oxygenation of tissues other than the brain.
What is the purpose of NIRS?
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is useful in critically ill neonates as a trend monitor to evaluate the balance between tissue oxygen delivery and consumption, providing cerebral and somatic oximetry values, and allowing earlier identification of abnormalities in hemodynamics and cerebral perfusion.
What method is used to validate NIRS?
Therefore, to validate NIRS, oxygenation measurements of both venous and arterial blood need to be weighted from the venous output and arterial inputs of a target organ.
What is NIRS oximetry?
brain, transcranial cerebral oximetry. NEAR-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical technique to monitor cerebral oxygenation. It relies on the relative transparency of tissue to near-infrared light (700–900 nm), where oxygen-carrying chromophores, hemoglobin, and cytochrome aa3absorb light.
What are normal NIRS?
Normal values for NIRS values are between 60–75% but physiological values of 55–60% have been reported in some cardiac patients [7]. Therefore, trends in values are considered more important in clinical practice than the absolute values [8].
How do you use NIRS?
NIRS probes are placed onto the skin as directed below. Near-infrared light is emitted from one end of the probe, passes through the superficial tissues, where it is either scattered or absorbed. The amount of absorption correlates to the degree of saturation of haemoglobin.
How do you read NIRS?
NIRS values will turn red if above or below set alarm thresholds. Baseline status will turn red if reading is 20% below set baseline. A 20% fall in a NIRS value is significant and the patient should be assessed carefully.
How does near infrared spectroscopy NIRS work?
In NIR spectroscopy, the unknown substance is illuminated with a broad-spectrum (many wavelengths or frequencies) of near infrared light, which can be absorbed, transmitted, reflected or scattered by the sample of interest. The illumination is typically in the wavelength range of 0.8 to 2.5 microns (800 to 2500nm).
Why Is Near Infrared Spectroscopy needed?
Near-infrared spectroscopy is widely applied in agriculture for determining the quality of forages, grains, and grain products, oilseeds, coffee, tea, spices, fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, beverages, fats, and oils, dairy products, eggs, meat, and other agricultural products.
What is a normal NIRS?
What does NIRS stand for?
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows for the noninvasive monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in brain tissue and has garnered substantial interest among specialists in neonatal intensive care unit settings and pediatric cardiac surgery while also gaining traction in other types of pediatric surgery [3-4].
Does NIRS monitoring reduce cardiac mortality?
Outside the pediatric context, cerebral NIRS monitoring and goal-directed management of adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting have been shown to reduce major organ morbidity and overall mortality in a randomized controlled trial [31]. Most of the research to date on NIRS has focused on cerebral monitoring.
Can NIRS be used to monitor regional tissue oxygenation in neonates?
However, the use of NIRS to monitor regional tissue oxygenation in neonates remains a widely fractured field. This is likely a consequence of absent standards and coordination of the various stages of NIRS monitoring, including data capture, processing, and methods for assessing oxygenation, oxygen extraction, and autoregulation.
Is cerebral NIRS monitoring feasible in pediatric patients?
Outside the surgery specific context, cerebral NIRS monitoring has been studied in such a fashion in the neonatal intensive care unit in extremely premature infants in a phase II trial [1], with an ongoing phase III trial [30] illustrating that pediatric randomized controlled intervention trials on NIRS monitoring are feasible.