Table of Contents
What is hyperuricosuria?
Hyperuricosuria can be defined as the daily urinary uric acid excretion of more than 800 mg in men and more than 750 mg in women. It can be the result of numerous congenital and acquired causes, leading to increased uric acid generation or diminished elimination of uric acid.
What is hyperuricosuria nephrolithiasis?
Nephrolithiasis and Chronic Kidney Disease Hyperuricosuria refers to the increased excretion of both uric acid as well as sodium urate.
How can hyperuricosuria cause calcium oxalate calculi?
Individuals with hyperuricosuria may develop uric acid or calcium oxalate stones due to supersaturation of urine with monosodium urate. Monosodium urate may initiate calcium oxalate stone formation by the induction of heterogeneous nucleation or by absorption of certain inhibitors.
What are Uricosuric agents?
Uricosuric agents lower uric acid levels by inhibiting renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid, thereby increasing net renal excretion of uric acid. These agents increase the risk of renal stones, with about a 9-10% risk for probenecid.
What causes uric acid crystals in dogs?
Dogs predisposed to developing uric acid crystals or stones should eat a low purine diet, preferably raw, or at least canned for increased water content in the food. Many veterinarians assume a low purine diet means a low protein diet, since most foods high in protein are also high in purines.
How is Hypocitraturia treated?
Hypocitraturia should be managed through a combination of dietary modifications, oral alkali, and possibly lemonade or other citrus juice-based therapy.
How can Hypocitraturia be prevented?
Diet high in animal protein. A diet rich in animal protein (from elevated acid-ash content) promotes mild metabolic acidosis, leading to reduced citrate excretion, may produce hypocitraturia and a reduction in urine pH 40). Animal proteins contain sulfate and phosphate moieties that are excreted as acids.
Why is losartan uricosuric?
The angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan lowers serum concentration of urate (Sur) in hypertensive subjects through a significant uricosuric action. This effect has been reported to result from the inhibition of urate/anion transport in brush-border cells of the renal proximal tubules.
How do you reduce uric acid in dogs?
Prevention strategies suggested for the management of urate uroliths in dogs with genetic hyperuricosuria include low purine diets (often achieved by feeding a low protein diet), urine alkalinisation, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and increased water intake [4].
What is hyperuricosuria and gouty diathesis?
Hyperuricosuria and Gouty Diathesis. Practice Essentials Hyperuricosuria is defined as urinary excretion of uric acid greater than 800 mg/day in men and greater than 750 mg/day in women. Uric acid, the major end-product of purine metabolism, is relatively insoluble in water. This excess uric acid leads to the formation of uric acid calculi.
What is hyperuricosuria (high uric acid levels)?
Hyperuricosuria is defined as urinary excretion of uric acid greater than 800 mg/day in men and greater than 750 mg/day in women.
Which medications are used in the treatment of hyperuricosuria?
Medication Summary. In approximately 30% of patients, hyperuricosuria is due to uric acid overproduction and does not improve with dietary restriction. In this situation and in patients intolerant of diet restriction, allopurinol is the medication of choice. Inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that synthesizes uric acid from hypoxanthine.