Table of Contents
What is Stercoral perforation?
Stercoral perforation is a rare cause of bowel perforation. It is caused by faecal impaction, which generates pressure against the colon wall, leading to ischaemic necrosis and subsequent perforation.
What causes Stercoral perforation?
Stercoral perforation (SP) is a rare cause of peritonitis. It is caused by pressure necrosis of the colonic wall by fecaloma. SP is a lethal condition that is associated with high morbidity and mortality, therefore early diagnosis and treatment are of paramount importance.
What causes Megacolon?
One of the most common causes of megacolon is infection. This includes bacterial infections such as Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter, as well as parasitic infections such as Trypanosoma cruzi (commonly known as Chagas disease) and Entamoeba histolytica.
What is definition of megacolon?
Megacolon, as well as megarectum, is a descriptive term. It denotes dilatation of the colon that is not caused by a mechanical obstruction. [1, 2] Although the definition of megacolon has varied in the literature, most researchers use the measurement of greater than 12 cm for the cecum as the standard.
Is stercoral colitis chronic?
Learning points. Stercoral colitis is an uncommon and often fatal complication of chronic constipation. It should be considered in all patients who present with abdominal pain and chronic constipation, and especially in the elderly and those with urinary retention.
What is Aganglionic segment?
Listen to pronunciation. (ay-GANG-glee-AH-nik MEH-guh-KOH-lun) A condition in which certain nerve cells are missing from the muscle layers of part of the large intestine. This causes severe constipation or blockage of the large intestine.
What is ileal perforation?
Perforation of terminal ileum is a cause for obscure peritonitis, heralded by exacerbation of abdominal pain associated with tenderness, rigidity and guarding, most pronounced over right iliac fossa.
What is difference between peritonitis and perforation?
Sometimes, peritonitis develops as a complication of liver disease, such as cirrhosis, or of kidney disease. Secondary peritonitis. Peritonitis can result from rupture (perforation) in your abdomen, or as a complication of other medical conditions.
What is stercoral colitis treatment?
More than 50% of stercoral colitis patients can be managed with disimpaction and bowel regimen, whereas those with severe complications and concern for bowel perforation, and peritonitis may require prompt surgical treatment such as colectomy, hemicolectomy, or sigmoidectomy [5,8].
How can stercoral colitis be prevented?
The best way to prevent stercoral colitis is to prevent constipation, which is present in approximately 60% of patients with fecal impaction. Early diagnosis of fecal impaction should prompt aggressive bowel cleansing and manual disimpaction, which may reduce pressure and decrease the risk of ulceration.
What is the pathophysiology of aganglionic megacolon?
Hirschsprung’s disease (HD), also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon disease, is a congenital disease in which ganglionic cells fail to develop in the large intestine. This commonly presents as delayed or failed passage of meconium around birth.