Table of Contents
What is Echinococcus granulosus life cycle?
Echinococcus granulosus is a cestode whose life cycle involves dogs and other canids, as definitive hosts for the intestinal tapeworm, as well as domestic and wild ungulates as intermediate hosts for the tissue-invading metacestode (larval) stage (Figure 281-1).
What is a Protoscolex?
protoscolex (plural protoscoleces or protoscolices) The juvenile scolex formed from the germinal layer of a hydatid metacestode.
What is the incubation period of echinococcosis?
Alveolar echinococcosis is characterized by an asymptomatic incubation period of 5–15 years and the slow development of a primary tumour-like lesion which is usually located in the liver. Clinical signs include weight loss, abdominal pain, general malaise and signs of hepatic failure.
What is the larva stage of Echinococcus granulosus?
Their larval stage, called the hydatid cyst, develops predominantly in the liver and lungs of intermediate hosts. The hydatid cyst is the causative agent of cystic hydatid disease and the species Echinococcus granulosus, G1 haplotype, is responsible for the vast majority of cases in humans, cattle and sheep.
How many days for would first larval stage of diphyllobothrium survive?
These eggs will become embryonated in water under appropriate conditions, with the process usually lasting 18 to 20 days. During this maturation process, oncospheres, which are the first larval forms of the tapeworm, materialize within the egg.
What is the final host of Echinococcus granulosus?
Hosts. Echinococcus granulosus definitive hosts are wild and domestic canids.
How is Echinococcus granulosus migrates and transfers to the liver?
Echinococcus granulosus in tissue. Upon ingestion of eggs by the human host, the oncospheres migrate from the intestinal lumen to other body sites via circulation and develop into hydatid cysts. These cysts can be found in any part of the body, but are most common in the liver, lung and central nervous system.
Is echinococcosis curable?
Chemotherapy, cyst puncture, and PAIR (percutaneous aspiration, injection of chemicals and reaspiration) have been used to replace surgery as effective treatments for cystic echinococcosis. However, surgery remains the most effective treatment to remove the cyst and can lead to a complete cure.
What is the infective stage of hydatidosis?
Parasites – Echinococcosis Cystic echinocccosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, a ~2–7 millimeter long tapeworm found in dogs (definitive host) and sheep, cattle, goats, and pigs (intermediate hosts).
What is the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum: 1, egg; 2, embryonated egg; 3, coracidium; 4, procercoid larva in a copepod; 5, plerocercoid larva in a fish.
How long is Diphyllobothrium latum?
Diphyllobothrium latum and related species (the fish or broad tapeworm), the largest tapeworms that can infect people, can grow up to 30 feet long.
Who is final and intermediate host for Echinococcus granulosus?
Hosts. Echinococcus granulosus definitive hosts are wild and domestic canids. Natural intermediate hosts depend on genotype. Intermediate hosts for zoonotic species/genotypes are usually ungulates, including sheep and goats (E.
What is the definitive host of Echinococcus multilocularis?
For E. multilocularis, foxes, particularly red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), are the primary definitive host species. Other canids including domestic dogs, wolves, and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are also competent definitive hosts.
What is the characteristic manifestation of Echinococcus granulosus?
Echinococcus granulosus is a small tapeworm that causes hydatid disease (see Chapter 60). Dogs are the definitive hosts, and horses are considered intermediate hosts. Exophthalmos, blindness, and head shaking caused by retrobulbar cysts are the only reported ocular manifestations of hydatid cyst disease in the horse.
Can chemo cure a cyst?
Outcome from medical treatment of CE: Response rates in 1000 treated patients showed that 30% had cyst disappearance (cure), 30%-50% had a decrease in the size of the cyst (improvement), and 20%-40% had no changes.
What is hydatidosis?
Hydatid disease (also known as hydatidosis or echinococcosis) is a potentially serious, sometimes fatal, condition caused by cysts containing the larval stages of the Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) tapeworm (Dog Tapeworm).
What is the lifecycle of Echinococcus granulosus?
Echinococcus granulosus. The lifecycle of E. granulosus involves dogs and wild carnivores as a definitive host for the adult tapeworm. Definitive hosts are where parasites reach maturity and reproduce. Wild or domesticated ungulates, such as sheep, serve as an intermediate host. Transitions between life stages occur in intermediate hosts.
What is the intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus?
Humans can also be an intermediate host for E. granulosus, however this is uncommon and therefore humans are considered an aberrant intermediate host. Echinococcus granulosus is ingested and attaches to the mucosa of the intestines in the definitive host and there the parasite will grow into the adult stages.
What is the lifecycle of Enterobacter granulosus?
The lifecycle of E. granulosus involves dogs and wild carnivores as a definitive host for the adult tapeworm. Definitive hosts are where parasites reach maturity and reproduce. Wild or domesticated ungulates, such as sheep, serve as an intermediate host. Transitions between life stages occur in intermediate hosts.
What is Echinococcus granulosus in dogs?
Echinococcus granulosus. Echinococcus granulosus, also called the hydatid worm, hyper tape-worm or dog tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode that dwells in the small intestine of canids as an adult, but which has important intermediate hosts such as livestock and humans, where it causes cystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease.