Table of Contents
What causes pain on injection of propofol?
The pain is due to irritation of venous adventitia leading to release of mediators such as kininogen from kinin cascade. Lignocaine and ketamine are the most commonly used drugs to alleviate POPI.
How can you reduce pain on injection of propofol?
Conclusions The two most efficacious interventions to reduce pain on injection of propofol were use of the antecubital vein, or pretreatment using lidocaine in conjunction with venous occlusion when the hand vein was chosen.
Why does etomidate cause pain on injection?
Propylene glycol formulated etomidate may damage vascular endothelium and produce pain. Etomidate is famous for its cardiovascular stability, nevertheless injection pain and postoperative vomiting are two unpleasant adverse effects attributable to this drug.
Can propofol cause muscle pain?
Postoperative myalgia is a common complication which is usually associated with muscle relaxants and surgical stress. In the described case the patient was sedated solely with propofol for head MRI scan and developed severe myalgia.
Why do you give lidocaine before propofol?
IV administration of lidocaine 10 to 30 seconds before propofol administration appears to lessen the pain, whereas after periods longer than 30 seconds, the drug is less effective or ineffective. Picard and Tramer8 reported the incidence of pain as 70%.
Why is lidocaine given before propofol?
Lidocaine is used to reduce pain associated with propofol injection, either mixed with propofol or preceding it as a separate injection. The addition of lidocaine to propofol causes destabilization of the emulsion and reduces anesthetic potency in rats and humans.
Can you feel pain on propofol?
What side effects does propofol have? It can cause a decrease in blood pressure, it can depress or even stop breathing, and it can cause pain on injection.
Is propofol a muscle relaxant?
It is generally accepted that propofol is the general anesthetic with the highest muscle relaxant effect on laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, however the exact mechanism behind the muscle relaxation properties of propofol is not fully understood and conflicting data exists [20,21,22].
What are the contraindications of propofol?
Propofol Injectable Emulsion is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to propofol or any of Propofol Injectable Emulsion components. Propofol Injectable Emulsion is contraindicated in patients with allergies to eggs, egg products, soybeans or soy products.
Can propofol cause muscle spasms?
Hiccups, muscle twitching, and opisthotonus are known side effects of propofol1 but are not commonly seen and are possibly due to subcortical glycine antagonism.
What helps with muscle pain after anesthesia?
Methods used to reduce myalgia
- Stretching exercises. If it is assumed that postoperative myalgia is caused by damage to muscles after fasciculations, stretching exercises may reduce postoperative myalgia.
- Vitamin C.
- Dantrolene.
- Calcium gluconate.
- Lidocaine.
- Phenytoin.
- Magnesium.
- Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Can you mix lidocaine and propofol?
Can you mix propofol with lidocaine?
Does propofol hurt in IV?
Propofol has a high incidence of pain on injection when compared to other intravenous anaesthetic agents. The incidence of pain on induction with thiopentone is about 7% [5], whereas with methohexitone it varies between 12% and 64% [10, 11].
Why are muscle relaxants used in Anaesthesia?
Muscle relaxants are medicines that block the nerve impulses to the muscles. They sometimes are also referred to as neuromuscular blocking agents. These medicines are often used during general anesthesia, but they do not usually affect whether you are awake. They also don’t relieve pain.
What class drug is propofol?
Propofol belongs to a group of drugs called general anesthetics.
Does intravascular exposure to propofol prolong pain at the site?
Liljeroth E, Karlsson A, Lagerkranser M, Akeson J. Sustained intravascular exposure to propofol does not prolong pain at the site of injection. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51:456–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 26. Doenicke AW, Roizen MF, Rau J, Kellermann W, Babl J. Reducing pain during propofol injection: The role of the solvent.
What drugs are used to prevent pain on injection of propofol?
Draškovic B, Kneževic S, Radovanovic D, Rakic G. Ondansetron, alfentanil and nitrous oxide in the prevention of pain on injection of propofol. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2013;141:61–5.
What is the difference between MCT/LCT propofol and LCT propofol?
MCT/LCT propofol has low free propofol content and is expected to reduce pain on injection; the free propofol content is less by 30%–45% compared to LCT propofol. [ 5] In one observational study of 1375 patients, incidence of pain on injection of MCT/LCT propofol was 28.7%, with 16.6% of patients reporting mild pain.
Do the side effects of propofol go away?
Some side effects of propofol may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects.