Table of Contents
In what phase of mitosis do the duplicated chromosomes condense?
Prophase
Prophase is the first stage in mitosis, occurring after the conclusion of the G2 portion of interphase. During prophase, the parent cell chromosomes — which were duplicated during S phase — condense and become thousands of times more compact than they were during interphase.
Do chromosomes condense before separation in bacteria?
bacteria only: *Chromosome separation begins at the origin of replication on DNA. Eukaryotes only: * Before separation, duplicated chromosomes condense.
Why are chromosomes condense before they are separated during division?
This condensation is needed to allow the chromosomes to move along the mitotic spindle without becoming tangled or broken during their distribution to daughter cells. DNA in this highly condensed state can no longer be transcribed, so all RNA synthesis stops during mitosis.
In what phases does each chromosome condense?
Explanation: Mitosis has four sequential stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In prophase, each chromosome becomes condensed and more visible, and there is the breakdown of the nuclear membrane and appearance of spindle fibers.
Do duplicated chromosomes condense in bacteria?
Replicated chromosomes separate by attaching to some other structural feature of the cell. Bacteria, eukaryotes, or both? Before separation, duplicated chromosomes condense.
Do chromosomes condense in bacteria?
The bulk of chromosome condensation, both in bacteria and eukaryotes, is driven by the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) (Strunnikov et al., 1995) complexes, termed condensins (Hirano, 2005).
Why chromosomes are condensed?
Faithful chromosome segregation requires the structural reorganization of chromosomes into condensed metaphase chromosomes, which is needed for the segregation of chromatids during anaphase. Conversely, chromosome decondensation facilitates transcription and DNA replication.
Why do the chromosomes need to condense?
Chromosome condensation is mediated by the condensin complex, among other proteins, and is necessary to prevent chromosomes from being entangled during chromosome segregation.
What happens during chromosome condensation?
Chromosome condensation is the dramatic reorganisation of the long thin chromatin strands into compact short chromosomes that occurs in mitosis and meiosis.
Do chromosomes condense in interphase?
During interphase (1), chromatin is in its least condensed state and appears loosely distributed throughout the nucleus. Chromatin condensation begins during prophase (2) and chromosomes become visible. Chromosomes remain condensed throughout the various stages of mitosis (2-5).
What would happen if a cell divides before DNA replication is completed?
The process of cell division is called mitosis. Since the cell is dividing it needs two copies of its DNA – one is kept by the parent cell and the other is passed to the daughter cell. If cells don’t replicate their DNA or don’t do it completely, the daughter cell will end up with no DNA or only part of the DNA.
How do bacterial chromosomes separate?
In bacteria, Par proteins function to separate bacterial chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during cell division. They bind to the origin of replication of the DNA and physically pull or push the chromosomes apart, similar to the mitotic apparatus of eukaryotic cells.
Does DNA condense before replication?
After DNA replication, each chromosome now consists of two physically attached sister chromatids. After chromosome condensation, the chromosomes condense to form compact structures (still made up of two chromatids). As a cell prepares to divide, it must make a copy of each of its chromosomes.
What happens when a chromosome condenses?
What happens to duplicated chromosomes before separation?
* Before separation, duplicated chromosomes condense. * Nuclear envelope fragments, permitting chromosome separation. * 2 copies of the duplicated chromosome are attached at their centromeres before separation. Both Bacteria and Eukariotes:
When does the separation of chromosomes begin?
*Chromosome separation begins at the origin of replication on DNA. Eukaryotes only: * Before separation, duplicated chromosomes condense. * Nuclear envelope fragments, permitting chromosome separation. * 2 copies of the duplicated chromosome are attached at their centromeres before separation. Both Bacteria and Eukariotes:
How many copies of duplicated chromosomes are attached at their centromeres?
* 2 copies of the duplicated chromosome are attached at their centromeres before separation. Both Bacteria and Eukariotes: * Chromosomes replicate before cell division. * Replicated chromosomes separate by attaching to some other structural feature of the cell.
How does chromosome separation occur in bacteria?
Comparing chromosome separation in bacteria and eukaryotes bacteria only: *Chromosome separation begins at the origin of replication on DNA. Eukaryotes only: * Before separation, duplicated chromosomes condense. * Nuclear envelope fragments, permitting chromosome separation.