Table of Contents
What do Bromodomains do?
Bromodomain proteins are involved in a diverse range of functions, such as acetylating histones, remodeling chromatin, and recruiting other factors necessary for transcription. These proteins thus play a critical role in the regulation of transcription.
What causes histone acetylation?
The mechanism for acetylation and deacetylation takes place on the NH3+ groups of lysine amino acid residues. These residues are located on the tails of histones that make up the nucleosome of packaged dsDNA. The process is aided by factors known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs).
What is meant by the histone code?
[1] The “histone code” is a hypothesis which states that DNA transcription is largely regulated by post-translational modifications to these histone proteins. [2] Through these mechanisms, a person’s phenotype can change without changing their underlying genetic makeup, controlling gene expression.
Why are bromodomains called bromodomains?
The name “bromodomain” is derived from the relationship of this domain with Brahma and is unrelated to the chemical element bromine.
What does acetylation do to a protein?
Acetylation is a modification that can dramatically change the function of a protein through alteration of its properties, including hydrophobicity, solubility, and surface properties, all of which may influence protein conformation and interactions with substrates, cofactors and other macromolecules.
How are viral reverse transcriptase and integrase produced?
The viral reverse transcriptase and integrase are produced by proteolytic processing of a large protein (the Gag-Pol fusion protein) consisting of both (more…) Many Inhibitors of Procaryotic Protein Synthesis Are Useful as Antibiotics
What are the adaptors of mRNA translation?
Rather, the translation of mRNA into protein depends on adaptor molecules that can recognize and bind both to the codon and, at another site on their surface, to the amino acid. These adaptors consist of a set of small RNA molecules known as transfer RNAs (tRNAs), each about 80 nucleotides in length.
What is the dominant role of the rRNA in translation?
The rRNA has the dominantrole in translation, determining the overall structure of the ribosome, forming the binding sites for the tRNAs, matching the tRNAs to codons in the mRNA, and providing the peptidyl transferase enzymeactivity that links amino acids together during translation.