Table of Contents
What is a sphingolipid vs phospholipid?
Phospholipids refer to a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, e.g. phosphatidylcholine, while sphingolipids refer to a class of compounds which are fatty acid derivatives of sphingosine and occur chiefly in the cell membranes of the brain and nervous tissue.
What is the difference between glycolipids and sphingolipids?
Glycolipids, a large group of sphingolipids, are so called because they contain one or more molecules of sugar (glucose or galactose). Glycolipids, a general property of which is immunological activity, include the cerebrosides, gangliosides, and ceramide oligosaccharides.
Which sphingolipids are phospholipids?
Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The most abundant phospholipids in mammals are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine which provide the majority of membrane lipids within cells.
What does a glycolipid do?
Generally, glycolipids are found on the outer leaflet of cellular membranes where it plays not only a structural role to maintain membrane stability but also facilitates cell-cell communication acting as receptors, anchors for proteins and regulators of signal transduction [1].
What is a sphingolipid give one example?
Sphingolipids attached to a glycan (or a carbohydrate) is referred to as glycosphingolipid. Examples are cerebrosides and gangliosides. Cerebrosides are glycosphingolipids found in the cell membranes of the neurons and the muscle cells. The cerebroside has a sphingosine core.
What is the meaning of sphingolipids?
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases, a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine. They were discovered in brain extracts in the 1870s and were named after the mythological sphinx because of their enigmatic nature.
What are sphingolipids made of?
Sphingolipids are composed of a variety of membrane-associated molecules that contain a long-chain sphingoid base. The base may be acylated, glycosylated, and phosphorylated to produce a variety of structures with important biological functions.
What is glycoprotein and glycolipid?
Glycolipid refers to lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic (covalent) bond while glycoprotein refers to any of a class of proteins which have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain.
What is the meaning of sphingosine?
Definition of sphingosine : a long-chain unsaturated amino alcohol C18H37O2N that is found especially in cell membranes and is a primary constituent of sphingolipids.
What is sphingosine used for?
Sphingosine (d18:1) or sphinganine (d18:0) comprises the backbone of all sphingolipids. They and their phosphorylated derivatives are also important second messengers involved in functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis [81,85].
What is structure of sphingosine?
C18H37NO2Sphingosine / Formula
What is the difference between glycoprotein and proteoglycan?
Glycoproteins are proteins to which carbohydrates are covalently linked through glycosidic bonds. Proteoglycans are a subclass of glycoproteins with distinctive features of carbohydrate structure.
What does sphingosine consist of?
Sphingosine is formed by an amino alcohol head group, with two hydroxyls, and one amino group attached to a long unsaturated hydrocarbon chain of typically 18 carbon atoms (see Fig. 17).
How is sphingosine formed?
Sphingosine is synthesized from palmitoyl CoA and serine in a condensation required to yield dehydrosphingosine. Dehydrosphingosine is then reduced by NADPH to dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine), and finally oxidized by FAD to sphingosine. Sphingosine is also formed via degradation of sphingolipid in the lysosome.
What is meant by sphingosine?
What is proteoglycan function?
The major biological function of proteoglycans derives from the physicochemical characteristics of the glycosaminoglycan component of the molecule, which provides hydration and swelling pressure to the tissue enabling it to withstand compressional forces.
What is proteoglycan made of?
Proteoglycans consist of a core protein and one or more covalently attached GAG chains (Figure 11.2). GAGs are linear polysaccharides, whose building blocks (disaccharides) consist of an amino sugar (either GlcNAc or GalNAc) and an uronic acid (GlcA and IdoA).
What is a sphingolipid?
Sphingolipid. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to navigation Jump to search. General structures of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases, a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine.
What is the difference between a sphingolipid base and a ceramide?
Simple sphingolipids, which include the sphingoid bases and ceramides, make up the early products of the sphingolipid synthetic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the fundamental building blocks of all sphingolipids. Ceramides, as a general class, are N-acylated sphingoid bases lacking additional head groups.
What are the building blocks of sphingolipids?
Simple sphingolipids, which include the sphingoid bases and ceramides, make up the early products of the sphingolipid synthetic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the fundamental building blocks of all sphingolipids.
What is the role of Sphingolipid metabolites in the pathophysiology of endocrine disorders?
Recently, simple sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, have been shown to be important mediators in the signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, proliferation, stress responses, necrosis, inflammation, autophagy, senescence, and differentiation.