Table of Contents
What is the difference between Orthokeratosis and parakeratosis?
Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis refers to the thickening of the keratin layer with preserved keratinocyte maturation, while parakeratotic hyperkeratosis shows retained nuclei as a sign of delayed maturation of keratinocytes.
What is parakeratosis caused by?
The disease is caused by a relative deficiency of zinc. The deficiency is usually caused by feeding an unbalanced diet that has one or more of the following features: excessive calcium; excessive phytic acid (sometimes present in soybean protein); or a low concentration of essential fatty acids.
Is parakeratosis benign?
Granular parakeratosis is a benign condition that is best categorized as a reaction pattern rather than a distinct cutaneous disease. It presents typically as red-brown scaly to hyperkeratotic papules and plaques in intertriginous areas.
What is focal parakeratosis?
Abstract. Parakeratosis refers to incomplete maturation of epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in abnormal retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. It occurs in many diseases of the skin, particularly in psoriasis.
How do you get parakeratosis?
Granular parakeratosis is thought to be provoked by friction, occlusion, and sweating. A defect in filaggrin production may predispose to granular parakeratosis. This protein is normally present in the upper epidermis, but there are various genetic variants that lead to a weakness of the skin’s barrier function.
How do you treat parakeratosis?
How is granular parakeratosis treated?
- Topical steroids — but not always.
- Antiseptics.
- Antibiotics.
- Topical retinoids.
- Keratolytic agents such as lactic acid.
- Calcipotriol cream.
- Cryotherapy.
- Oral isotretinoin.
How is parakeratosis treated?
Isotretinoin [45, 46] and tretinoin have been reported as effective for granular parakeratosis. Calcipotriene has been used to treat granular parakeratosis. Additional vitamin D-3 analogs, such as maxacalcitol, have been used effectively for treatment.
How can you prevent parakeratosis?
Sometimes a change in ration appears to be beneficial. These observations sug- gest that parakeratosis is not due to a simple zinc deficiency but is related to other nutrients. In any event, adding zinc to the ration is at present the most promising prevention and treatment known.