How do you encrypt a message using matrices?
TO ENCODE A MESSAGE
- Divide the letters of the message into groups of two or three.
- Convert each group into a string of numbers by assigning a number to each letter of the message. Remember to assign letters to blank spaces.
- Convert each group of numbers into column matrices.
How is linear algebra used in encryption?
The matrix can represent an entire alphabet and its encrypted counterpart. Thus, linear algebra serves as a tool to manipulate simple shift ciphers, and more generally, affine ciphers, which multiply some integer k by y as well as perform a shift l (ky+l=x).
How is mathematics used with encryption?
Most cryptographic algorithms use keys, which are mathematical values that plug into the algorithm. If the algorithm says to encipher a message by replacing each letter with its numerical equivalent (A = 1, B = 2, and so on) and then multiplying the results by some number X, X represents the key to the algorithm.
What is the formula for encryption?
The conversion formula is of the form c ≡ p + a mod 26. We know that when p = 5 (plaintext E), we have c = 10 (ciphertext J). Thus, 10 ≡ 5 + a mod 26. So a ≡ 5 37 Page 4 mod 26, and the encryption formula is c ≡ p + 5 mod 26.
Does cryptography use calculus?
Accordingly, cryptographic operations and communication through channels are the main ingredients of the spi calculus. We use the pi calculus (without extension) for describing protocols at an abstract level. The pi calculus primitives for channels are simple but powerful.
How do you calculate cipher text?
ciphertext is calculated from the non-super increasing sequence. If the non-super increasing sequence is {21033, 63094, 16375, 11711, 23422, 58557, 16665, 54322, 64252, 39720, 32718, 63106, 63119, 18753, 21135, 42270} then the ciphertext for the plaintext “QUICK” can be calculated as shown in Table 1 [18].
What is matrix algebra used for?
Matrix algebra is a mathematical notation that simplifies the presentation and solution of simultaneous equations. It may be used to obtain a concise statement of a structural problem and to create a mathematical model of the structure.
What kind of math is used in encryption?
Most encryption is based heavily on number theory, most of it being abstract algebra. Calculus and trigonometry isn’t heavily used. Additionally, other subjects should be understood well; specifically probability (including basic combinatorics), information theory, and asymptotic analysis of algorithms.
Is algebraic geometry used in cryptography?
Some of the most fascinating advances rely on algebraic geometry: Elliptic curves are becoming the new standard for public key primitives and research in elliptic curve cryptography received a recent boost with cryptographic pairings; hyperelliptic curves offer interesting performance for hardware implementations; …
How do you encrypt a text?
Open a note and highlight the text you wish to encrypt. Right-click or control-click the highlighted text and select Encrypt Selected Text. Enter a passphrase into the form. You will need to enter this passphrase whenever you attempt to decrypt this text.
Can any square matrix be used to encrypt a message?
Technically, a message can be encrypted using any square matrix. However, unless it has the characteristics of a key matrix, the encoded message will be impossible to decrypt, causing the original message to be lost. Encryption Example Let us demonstrate a simple encryption.
What is the function of the key matrix?
The key matrix is used to encrypt the messages, and its inverse is used to decrypt the encoded messages. It is important that the key matrix be kept secret between the message senders and intended recipients.
How do you decrypt a message in a matrix?
To decrypt the message, just multiply Inv (A)•C, where Inv (A) is the inverse matrix of A. The original plaintext can be found again by taking the resulting matrix and splitting it back up into its separate vectors, making them a sequence, and then converting the numbers back into their letter forms.
What is a hill cypher key matrix?
Key Matrices The most vital component of the Hill Cypher is the key matrix. The key matrix is used to encrypt the messages, and its inverse is used to decrypt the encoded messages. It is important that the key matrix be kept secret between the message senders and intended recipients.