Table of Contents
What causes ADCC?
ADCC is triggered when FcR-bearing effector cells recognize a target cell that has been opsonized by antibodies.
What is ADCC in oncology?
For cancer treatment, various immune cells can effectively have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells through the mechanism of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC). This mechanism includes binding of both cell types through an antibody.
Which cells are called ADCC?
ADCC by four major immune effector cells: macrophages/resident monocytes, NK cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The target cell may either be microbe infected or a tumor cell that expresses the antigen recognized and bound by the antibody.
Which antibody is involved in ADCC?
ADCC requires an effector cell which classically is known to be natural killer (NK) cells that typically interact with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
What is ADCC in immunology stand for?
ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity): An immune response in which antibodies, by coating target cells, makes them vulnerable to attack by immune cells. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is commonly (and blissfully) abbreviated ADCC.
What does ADCC stand for Immunology?
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) refers to the killing of a target cell which is coated with antibodies by an effector cell of the immune system.
What type of cell kills through ADCC mechanisms?
NK cells
ADCC requires an effector cell, mainly NK cells (due to the lack of inhibitory FcγR IIb) that typically interact with IgG antibodies (12) (Figure 1).
What is the difference between ADCC and Opsonization?
Opsonisation flags up pathogens for phagocytosis by phagocytes. ADCC is similar in that the pathogen is flagged up by an antibody, but the receptor cell is a cytotoxic cell that will release cytotoxic granules and kill the flagged cell.
What is antigen Dependent Cellular cytotoxicity?
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies.
Do CD8 T cells do ADCC?
Additionally, CD16+ CD8 T cells are capable of mediating ADCC at levels similar to that of NK cells.
What is required for effective ADCC?
ADCC requires an effector cell which classically is known to be natural killer (NK) cells that typically interact with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. However, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils can also mediate ADCC, such as eosinophils killing certain parasitic worms known as helminths via IgE antibodies.
What is the difference between neutralization and opsonization?
What is the Difference Between Opsonization and Neutralization? Opsonization is the process of removing pathogens by marking with the opsonins while neutralization is the process of removing the effect of an antigen by binding with a neutralizing antibody.
What is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) refers to the killing of a target cell which is coated with antibodies by an effector cell of the immune system. First, the B-cell produces antibodies directed against specific antigens present on a pathogen or a foreign body.
What is cytotoxic cerebral edema?
Cytotoxic cerebral edema refers to a type of cerebral edema, most commonly seen in cerebral ischemia, in which extracellular water passes into cells, resulting in their swelling.
How do you determine the efficacy of an antibody for ADCC?
Several laboratory methods exist for determining the efficacy of antibodies or effector cells in eliciting ADCC. Usually, a target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen.
How is cytotoxic edema identified on a CT scan?
As is the case with CT, the changes colloquially ascribed to ‘cytotoxic edema’ are in fact mostly due to ionic edema and are described separately. The one sequence which is able to identify cytotoxic edema, and was thus responsible for a revolution in the imaging of acute ischemic stroke, is diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).