Table of Contents
What is drug concentration monitoring?
Introduction. The monitoring of therapeutic drugs involves measuring drug concentrations in plasma, serum or blood. This information is used to individualise dosage so that drug concentrations can be maintained within a target range.
How is drug concentration measured?
When measuring the drug concentration in plasma, a sample of whole blood is drawn from the patient (like cylinder on the left). The sample is then centrifuged to separate the RBC and plasma (like the cylinder on the right). The plasma is withdrawn and analyzed for drug concentration and the RBC is discarded.
Why is TDM important?
Rather, TDM plays an important role in the development of safe and effective therapeutic medications and individualization of these medications. Additionally, TDM can help to identify problems with medication compliance among noncompliant patient cases.
What are the steps in the drug monitoring process?
Following are the three steps of monitoring:
- Educate patients about their therapy, potential adverse effects, and actions to take if problems occur.
- Regularly assess patients’ drug therapy.
- Adjust drug therapy as needed based on information from the monitoring process.
What does drug concentration mean?
Drug concentration in the compartment is. defined as the amount of drug in a given volume, such. as mg/L: 1-1. Volume of distribution (V) is an important indicator of the extent of drug distribution into body fluids and tis- sues.
What is drug concentration?
How is therapeutic drug monitoring performed?
What happens during TDM? A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial.
What method is frequently used to measure drug concentrations and why?
Measurement of drug concentration in the urine is an indirect method of determining the amount of drug in the body as the drug concentration and the rate of excretion of the drug are proportional to its amount in the plasma or blood.
What is PK monitoring?
it is most often based on the specific, accurate, precise and timely determinations of the active and.or toxic forms of drugs in biological samples collected at the appropriate times in the correct containers (PK monitoring), or can employ the measurement of a biological perimeter as a surrogate or end-point marker of …
What is concentration of drug and how it is expressed?
Put more simply, concentration tells you how much drug there is in a given dosage form amount. Liquids are expressed as weight/volume (w/v) with the weight being the amount of drug and the volume representing a specific volume of drug and vehicle. An example of this type of concentration is Benadryl elixir.
What is PK and PD study?
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) analysis is an alternative to conventional dose-effect analysis, and it relates drug effects to a measure of drug concentration in a body compartment (e.g., venous blood) rather than to drug dose.
What is therapeutic drug monitoring in pharmacology?
Summary. Therapeutic drug monitoring of concentrations of drugs in body fluids, usually plasma, can be used during treatment and for diagnostic purposes. The selection of drugs for therapeutic drug monitoring is important as the concentrations of many drugs are not clearly related to their effects.
How do you monitor drug concentrations?
The monitoring of therapeutic drugs involves measuring drug concentrations in plasma, serum or blood. Drug concentration at the site of action cannot be routinely measured, but the desired or adverse effects may correlate better with plasma or blood concentrations than they do with dose.
What is drug monitoring and why is it important?
Drug monitoring is employed to ensure that the patient’s drug concentrations are within the therapeutic range. It is utilized to assess the cause of toxicity or adverse drug reactions.
What are the criteria for therapeutic drug monitoring?
A drug should satisfy certain criteria to be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring. Examples include: narrow target range. significant pharmacokinetic variability. a reasonable relationship between plasma concentrations and clinical effects. established target concentration range. availability of cost-effective drug assay.