What are the 5 modes of action of antimicrobial drugs quizlet?
Terms in this set (5)
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis. penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, vancomycin.
- Inhibition of protein synthesis.
- Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription.
- Injury to plasma membrane.
- Inhibition of synthesis of essential metabolites.
What are the categories of antimicrobial agents?
There are three types of public health antimicrobials: sterilizers, disinfectants, and sanitizers.
Which of the following is a mode of action of antibiotics?
Antibiotics disrupt essential processes or structures in the bacterial cell. This either kills the bacterium or slows down bacterial growth. Depending on these effects an antibiotic is said to be bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
What is the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance?
Resistance can occur via a reduction in the intracellular concentration of drug, by target site alteration or protection and by the direct inactivation of antibiotics. The mobilization of resistance genes into pathogens is making the treatment of severe infections challenging owing to a lack of effective antibiotics.
Which factors can influence the action of antimicrobial agents?
The efficacy of antimicrobials are influenced by many factors: (1) bacterial status (susceptibility and resistance, tolerance, persistence, biofilm) and inoculum size; (2) antimicrobial concentrations [mutant selection window (MSW) and sub-inhibitory concentration]; (3) host factors (serum effect and impact on gut …
What are antimicrobials classify on the basis of mechanism of action with examples?
Antibiotics can be divided into two classes based on their mechanism of action. Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria; bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit their growth or reproduction. One way that bactericidal antibodies kill bacteria is by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
Which mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are intrinsic and acquired?
Resistance Mechanisms There are two types of bacterial resistance: intrinsic and acquired. In intrinsic resistance, the antibiotic never possessed activity against the pathogen (TABLE 3). Acquired resistance is achieved through the transfer of genetic material that confers resistance.
What are 6 characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent?
– soluble in body fluids, – selectively toxic, – nonallergenic, – reasonable half life (maintained at a constant therapeutic concentration) – unlikely to elicit resistance, – has a long shelf life, – reasonably priced.
What are the major modes of action of antimicrobial drugs quizlet?
Antibiotics mode of actions
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
- Inhibition of protein synthesis.
- Inhibition of nucleic acid and replication of transcription.
- Injury to plasma membrane.
- Inhibition of synthesis of essential metabolites.
What is the mechanism of action of antibiotics answer?
Antibiotics commonly block biochemical pathways important for bacteria. Many bacteria make a cell wall to protect themselves. The antibiotic penicillin blocks the biochemical processes that build the cell wall. Consequently, the growing bacteria become unable to make cell walls and die easily.
What is the mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs?
Antimicrobial Drugs: Mechanism of Action 1 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY. The most important concept underlying antimicrobial therapy is selective toxicity (i.e., selective inhibition of the growth of the microorganism without damage to the host). 2 BACTERICIDAL & BACTERIOSTATIC ACTIVITY. 3 INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
What are the targets of antimicrobials?
Bacterial targets of antimicrobial agents. On the basis of the number of antimicrobials in clinical use, bacterial cell wall synthesis has been perhaps the target area most extensively exploited for antimicrobial development, although bacterial protein synthesis may be a close second.
What are the 4 sites of action of antibacterial drugs?
There are four major sites in the bacterial cell that are sufficiently different from the human cell that they serve as the basis for the action of clinically effective drugs: cell wall, ribosomes, nucleic acids, and cell membrane ( Table 10–1 ). There are far more antibacterial drugs than antiviral drugs.
What are antibiotic drugs?
ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Based on mechanism of action they can be classified into: 1.INHIBITORS OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS 2. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS 3.METABOLIC ANTAGONISTS 4.NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS 12