Table of Contents
What is stopped-flow spectrophotometry?
Typically used to gain an understanding of reaction mechanisms including drug-binding processes, or to determine protein structure, stopped-flow spectroscopy enables the study of fast reactions in solution over timescales in the range of 1 millisecond to hundreds of seconds.
What is stopped-flow instrument used for?
A stopped-flow instrument is a rapid kinetics technique used to follow chemical reactions in the milliseconds to seconds timescale. A stopped-flow can only mix liquids, and the complete stopped-flow system includes a detection instrument.
What is temperature jump method?
The temperature jump method is a technique used in chemical kinetics for the measurement of very rapid reaction rates. It is one of a class of chemical relaxation methods pioneered by the German physical chemist Manfred Eigen in the 1950s.
What is quench control?
Quench control is used in applications where cooling of the hot recycle gas is achieved by direct mixing of a cold multi-phase gas/liquid. Quench is commonly used in refrigeration applications as the liquid for quenching is produced by the refrigeration compressor.
Which pump is used in flow injection system?
peristaltic pump
The propelling unit moves the carrier stream through the flow injection analyzer. Although several different propelling units have been used, the most common is a peristaltic pump.
What is temperature jump and pressure jump?
What is chemical relaxation time?
An equilibrium system is subjected to an external perturbation, such a temperature change. When the change is applied suddenly, the lagging time it takes the system to reach the new equilibrium position is related to the kf and kr constants and is called relaxation time, τ.
What is a quench column?
The primary purpose of the quench tower is to cool the hot gas (500–600°F, 260-315°C) from the hydrogenation reactor to around 100°F (38°C) by direct contact with cooling water. In addition to lowering the temperature, generally about 85% of the water content is removed as well.
What is quench valve?
The quench valve is a small valve that monitors the discharge temperature of the refrigerant leaving the compressor. the sensing bulb is secured to the discharge line at the compressor.
What is the application of stopped-flow spectroscopy?
Stopped-flow spectrometry allows chemical kinetics of fast reactions (with half times of the order of milliseconds) to be used to study the fast reactions in solution. It is applied especially to enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
What is a stopped-flow instrument?
Stopped-flow equipment at a biochemistry research laboratory. Stopped-flow is a lab technique for studying fast chemical reactions. A stopped-flow instrument is a rapid mixing device used to study the chemical kinetics of fast reactions in solution. The solutions are first forced from syringes into a mixing chamber.
What is the dead time of a stopped flow apparatus?
Stopped-flow. The dead time is the time between the end of mixing the two solutions and the beginning of observation of the kinetics of the reaction. The usual dead time of a stopped flow apparatus is 1–2 milliseconds but some new devices have been developed that have dead times of 0.3–0.6 ms.
What is spectrophotometry?
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. Spectrophotometry uses photometers , known as spectrophotometers, that can measure the intensity of a light beam at different wavelengths.