Table of Contents
What is verocytotoxin?
Abstract. Verocytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) are a newly recognized group of enteric pathogens which are increasingly being recognized as common causes of diarrhea in some geographic settings. Outbreak studies indicate that most patients with VTEC infection develop mild uncomplicated diarrhea.
What type of toxin is Verocytotoxin?
Verocytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC), also known as Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC), are zoonotic agents, which cause a potentially fatal illness whose clinical spectrum includes diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS).
Is Verotoxin a protein?
Verotoxins are subunit toxins which comprise a single A-subunit responsible for the depurination of the 28S RNA of the 60S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis (Saxena et al., 1989).
What bacteria produces Verotoxins?
Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) is a form of the bacteria E. coli that causes gastrointestinal illness. It can be found in cattle, as well as some other animals.
What is Stx1 and Stx2?
Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) are bacteriophage-encoded proteins that have been associated with hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and other severe disease conditions.
What is shinga?
Definition. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are bacteria that can cause bloody diarrhea in infected people. In rare cases, the same bacterium can also cause a kidney disease known as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. The most well known member of this group of bacteria is E. coli O157:H7.
What does Shiga toxin do to humans?
Definition. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are bacteria that can cause bloody diarrhea in infected people. In rare cases, the same bacterium can also cause a kidney disease known as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.
Where is STEC?
What is STEC? E. coli are a diverse group of bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans and animals.
Which toxin is responsible for HUS?
These strains are called Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, or STEC. When you are infected with a strain of STEC , the Shiga toxin can enter your bloodstream and cause damage to your blood vessels, which may lead to HUS .
What is STEC testing?
These tests are used to detect the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that produce Shiga toxin and to help diagnose an infection of the digestive tract due to these bacteria.
What is STEC?
STEC is an acronym for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Most E. coli bacteria are normal inhabitants of the intestinal tracts of humans and animals, and are non-pathogenic (do not cause disease). However, some E. coli are pathogenic (i.e., disease-producing).
Does poop have E. coli?
E. coli O157 lives in the intestines of healthy cattle and other animals. E. coli O157 can be found in water, food, soil, or on surfaces that have been contaminated with animal or human feces.
What produces Shiga toxin?
Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for similar or identical toxins produced by Escherichia coli. The most common sources for Shiga toxin are the bacteria S. dysenteriae and some serotypes of Escherichia coli (STEC), which includes serotypes O157:H7, and O104:H4.
What does STEC look like?
What are the symptoms of STEC infections and when do they appear? Symptoms of STEC infections can vary, but most often include severe diarrhea (loose stool/poop), stomach cramps, and vomiting. Diarrhea is often bloody and usually little or no fever is present.
What does STEC stand for?
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is the term used to refer to a group of E. coli bacteria that produce powerful toxins, which can cause severe illness. Most cases in North America are caused by E. coli O157:H7, but other serotypes of E. coli can also express Shiga toxins.
What does EHEC stand for?
coli strain that causes a severe intestinal infection in humans is known as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). It’s the most common strain to cause illness in people. It’s different from other E. coli because it produces a potent toxin called Shiga toxin.
What causes HUS disease?
Most cases of HUS occur after an infection in the digestive tract caused by the E. coli bacterium, O157:H7. Diarrhea and upper respiratory infections are the most common factors leading to HUS. This type of E.
What E. coli causes HUS?
HUS occurs as a complication of a diarrheal infection (usually E. coli O157:H7 infection).
How do you treat STEC?
There is no specific treatment for STEC infections. Since diarrhea can cause dehydration (loss of water in the body causing weakness or dizziness), drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated is important.
What is verotoxin (Shiga toxin)?
Verotoxin (Shiga toxin) and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome Verotoxin was discovered in Canada in 1976 as an additional cytopathic effect on vero cells exhibited by extracts of certain E. coli strains ( Konowalchuk et al., 1977 ).
How is verotoxin transported in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Verotoxin is then transported in a retrograde fashion from the TGN to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and finally, to the cytosol where it is now available to exert its protein synthesis inhibitory activity. Clifford A. Lingwood, Radia Mahfoud, in Microbial Glycobiology, 2010 1.2. Verotoxin (Shiga toxin) and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome
What is the best definition of Philosophy?
Definition of philosophy 1 a (1) : all learning exclusive of technical precepts and practical arts (2) : the sciences and liberal arts exclusive of medicine, law, and theology a doctor of philosophy (3) : the 4-year college course of a major seminary
What do all members of the verotoxin family bind to?
All members of the verotoxin family bind to the neutral GSL, globotriaosyl ceramide, (Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1ceramide, Gb 3 ). 16 This glycolipid ( Figure 1 ), also known as the B-cell differentiation antigen CD77, 17 and the blood group antigen p k, 18 is bound with high affinity by the receptor binding B subunit pentamer.