Where is Bax protein located?
cytosol
In healthy mammalian cells, the majority of BAX is found in the cytosol, but upon initiation of apoptotic signaling, Bax undergoes a conformational shift. Upon induction of apoptosis, BAX becomes organelle membrane-associated, and in particular, mitochondrial membrane associated.
What is Bax translocation?
Bax translocation to mitochondria is an important event in inducing apoptotic cell death by indole-3-carbinol (I3C) treatment of breast cancer cells. J Nutr.
What is Bax activation?
Bax and Bak are activated by BH3-only proteins and inhibited by prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins via direct interactions. Bax and Bak undergo major conformation changes during transition from inactive monomers to activated oligomers.
Is the BAX protein a caspase?
Members of the Bax family of proteins are activated variously by cleavage by caspases, inhibition of protein kinases and/or activation of phosphatases, and an increase in intracellular pH. For example, Bid, which does not contain a hydrophobic membrane insertion sequence, is activated by cleavage by caspase 8 (3).
Is BAX a tumor suppressor gene?
Here we propose that a p53-independent apoptotic pathway that is regulated by BAX and BAK is involved in tumor suppression. Understanding the mechanism and the molecular events regulating this pathway may reveal novel targets for effective combinatorial therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment.
Is the Bax protein a caspase?
Is Bax pro-apoptotic?
Bcl-2-associated X-protein (Bax) and Bcl-associated killer (Bak) protein are proapoptotic executioner proteins that induce apoptosis by forming mitochondrial permeability transition pores and allowing release of cyt c (79).
Is BAX pro apoptotic?
What causes BAX gene activation?
Acidic pH enhances the dimerization of the Bax family of proteins (17) and induces caspase activation (16). As described above, Bid can then be cleaved by caspases and bind to Bax through its BH3 domain. Bid/Bax binding markedly enhances the ability of Bax to induce the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria (18).
What is the function of BAX gene?
Bax and Bak are two nuclear-encoded proteins present in higher eukaryotes that are able to pierce the mitochondrial outer membrane to mediate cell death by apoptosis. Thus, organelles recruited by nucleated cells to supply energy can be recruited by Bax and Bak to kill cells.
Is BAX a proto oncogene or tumor suppressor?
Both Bcl2 and Bax are transcriptional targets for the tumour suppressor protein, p53, which induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. In all, the coordinate performance of these molecules is crucial for controlling life and death of a cell.
What is the function of Bax gene?
Is Bax a tumor suppressor gene?
What is BAX bcl2 ratio?
The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio determines the susceptibility of human melanoma cells to CD95/Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol.
What is the function of Bax and Bcl-2?
Purpose: Many anticancer drugs induce apoptosis in malignant cells, and resistance to apoptosis could lead to suboptimal or no therapeutic benefit. Two cytoplasmic proteins, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X (Bax) and Bcl-2, act as a promoter and an inhibitor of apoptosis, respectively.
What is the MAB for Bax?
Bax (D2E11) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total Bax protein. Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Leu45 of human Bax protein.
What is Bax antibody?
The Bax Antibody confirms silencing of Bax expression and α-Tubulin (11H10) Rabbit mAb is used to control for loading and specificity of Bax siRNA. Immunoprecipitation of Bax from Jurkat cell extract, using Bax Antibody. Lane 1 is the lysate control; lane 2 is antibody alone; lane 3 is antibody plus lysate.
What is Bax-Bcl-2 heterodimers?
The Bax protein shares highly conserved domains with Bcl-2, some of which are required for the formation of Bax-Bcl-2 heterodimers. Bax expression is elevated in certain tissues after apoptotic stimuli a …
What happens to Bax upon apoptotic stimulation?
Upon apoptotic stimulation, Bax forms oligomers and translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membrane (7).