Why are some bacteria halophilic?
They posses special features in their cell structures for adaptation to osmotic pressure. For example, cell wall of some halophilic bacteria become more hydrophilic in high salt concentration than that in the low salinity. This mechanism facilitates more contact with water molecules at high salinity media (Oren 2002b).
How does salinity affect plant growth?
Salinity affects production in crops, pastures and trees by interfering with nitrogen uptake, reducing growth and stopping plant reproduction. Some ions (particularly chloride) are toxic to plants and as the concentration of these ions increases, the plant is poisoned and dies.
How do Halophilic bacteria survive?
One mechanism halophiles use to survive in high concentrations of salt is the synthesis of osmoprotectants, which are also known as compatible solutes. These work by balancing the internal osmotic pressure with the external osmotic pressure, making the two solutions isotonic, or close to it.
What is ACC deaminase activity?
ACC is exuded from seeds or plant roots and then metabolized by bacteria expressing ACC deaminase activity, which stimulates plant ACC efflux, decreasing the root ACC concentration and root ethylene evolution and increasing root growth (39).
What is the difference between halophilic and halotolerant?
Halophiles require high salt concentration in the medium, whereas halotolerant organisms can grow and multiply in the presence of high salt but do not require it for growth. Halotolerant pathogens are an important source of foodborne illnesses because they contaminate foods preserved in salt.
Why is rice water a good fertilizer?
Rice water can be very beneficial to plants by adding valuable minerals and nutrients to the soil just as good as using eggshell water. It helps increase bacterial growth which in turn breaks down organic compounds within the soil making nutrients easily available for plants to use.
How does pH affect plant growth?
pH Affects Nutrients, Minerals and Growth Before a nutrient can be used by plants it must be dissolved in the soil solution. Most minerals and nutrients are more soluble or available in acid soils than in neutral or slightly alkaline soils.
How do halophiles get nutrients?
Their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the retention of water molecules around these components. They are heterotrophs that normally respire by aerobic means.
How do halophiles produce energy?
Halophiles are chemoheterotrophs, using light for energy and methane as a carbon source under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
What is ACC in plants?
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a non-protein amino acid acting as the direct precursor of ethylene, a plant hormone regulating a wide variety of vegetative and developmental processes. ACC is the central molecule of ethylene biosynthesis.
What is siderophore production?
Siderophores are small organic molecules produced by microbes including endophytic bacteria, under iron-limiting conditions. Under physiological pH conditions, microbes synthesize siderophores which have high affinity for ferric iron. These ferric iron-siderophore complexes are then transported to cytosol.
Is Yeast A halotolerant?
Yeasts represent a substantial fraction of halotolerant eukaryotic microbiomes and are frequently isolated as food contaminants and from solar salterns. During the last years, a handful of new species has been discovered in moderate saline environments, including estuarine and deep-sea waters.
Can halophiles grow without salt?
Halophiles require sodium chloride (salt) for growth, in contrast to halotolerant organisms, which do not require salt but can grow under saline conditions.
What pH is best for seed germination?
For all populations, seed germination occurred in a pH range of 5 to 8. For all populations, the greatest germination observed was in pH 7.
Is Halomonas smyrnensis aad6 halophilic?
Halomonas smyrnensis AAD6 is a moderately halophilic bacterium from Çamaltı Saltern Area on the western coast of Turkey. This bacterium is the first halophilic fructan producer reported in the literature, and effectively converts sucrose into levan at high titers [35].
What are the characteristics of Halomonas members?
Members of Halomonas are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, generally 0.6-0.8 μm by 1.6-1.9 μm. They move by using flagella. They grow in the presence of oxygen, although some have been reported to be able to grow without oxygen. When grown on an agar plate, they form white/yellow colonies that turn light brown over time.
What is Halomonas elongata?
Halomonas is a genus of halophilic (salt-tolerating) proteobacteria. It grows over the range of 5 to 25% NaCl. The type species of this genus is Halomonas elongata. Members of Halomonas are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, generally 0.6-0.8 μm by 1.6-1.9 μm.
Is Halomonas Gram positive or negative?
Members of Halomonas are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, generally 0.6-0.8 μm by 1.6-1.9 μm. They move by using flagella. They grow in the presence of oxygen, although some have been reported to be able to grow without oxygen.