Do T cells secrete IL 1b?
CD4+ T cells have been reported to produce IL-1β (ref. 17). However, we found that use of Il1b−/− BMDCs, but not Il1b−/− T cells, led to a complete loss of T cell-instructed IL-1β production (Fig. 1e), suggesting that BMDCs were the only source of IL-1β in this co-culture system.
Which cells are primary producers of IL-1?
Table 1
| Cytokines | Principal Source | Primary Activity |
|---|---|---|
| MIP-1β | Lymphocytes | Chemotaxis |
| TGF-β | T cells, monocytes | Chemotaxis, IL-1 synthesis, IgA synthesis, inhibit proliferation |
| TNF-α | macrophages, mast cells, NK cells, sensory neurons | Cell death, inflammation, pain |
| TNF-β | Th1 and Tc cells | phagocytosis, NO production, cell death |
What do Th1 cells secrete?
Th1 cells secrete IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-alpha/beta. These cytokines promote macrophage activation, nitric oxide production, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte proliferation, leading to the phagocytosis and destruction of microbial pathogens.
What types of cells secrete cytokines?
Cytokines are made by many cell populations, but the predominant producers are helper T cells (Th) and macrophages. Cytokines may be produced in and by peripheral nerve tissue during physiological and pathological processes by resident and recruited macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, and Schwann cells.
Do Th1 cells produce IL-4?
Type 1 Th cells (Th1 cells) secrete IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), whereas type 2 Th cells (Th2 cells) produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13.
Are cytokines ligands?
Class II cytokine receptors were originally defined on the basis of sequence homologies in the extracellular domains of receptors for interferons (IFNs) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and the ligands, known as class II cytokines, also have a common structure.
What is the history of the IL-1 receptor?
The first IL-1 receptor was described in 1988, but it was not until seven years later that the accessory molecule IL-1RAcP was characterized as a signal transducing subunit for the IL-1 receptor complex. Since this time, the IL-1 family of ligands and receptors has expanded significantly.
What are the members of the IL-1 ligand family?
Until recently, there were four members of the IL-1 ligand family: IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1ra and IL-18. Six additional members of this family have since been described based on conservation of amino acid (aa) sequence, identity of gene structure and three- dimensional structure.
Is there a ligand for IL-1 R9?
IL-1 R9 is predominantly expressed in the skin and liver. A ligand for IL-1 R9, however, has not been identified to date.
How to detect IL-1 ligands in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer?
Immunofluorescence and real-time PCR analysis were used respectively for detecting IL-1 ligands at the levels of cell-associated protein and mRNA. Soluble IL-1 ligands were analyzed by ELISA. Results We demonstrated that IL-1 ligands were expressed by all endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer subtypes and endometrial cells.