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What did Baddeley and Hitch study?
The working memory model was proposed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974. They had studied the 1968 Atkinson-Shiffrin model in 1968 and believed that the model’s short term memory (STM) store lacked detail.
What did Baddeley and Hitch propose?
Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed a working memory model that revolutionized the rigid and dichotomous view of memory as being short or long-term, although the term “working memory” was first introduced by Miller et al. (1960).
What did Baddeley research?
His landmark study in 1975 on the capacity of short-term memory showed that people remembered more short words than long words in a recall test. This was called the word length effect and it demonstrated that pronunciation time rather than number of items determines the capacity of verbal short-term memory.
What are the components of Baddeley and Hitch’s working memory model?
The model of Baddeley & Hitch is composed of three main components; the ‘central executive’ (see executive system) which acts as supervisory system and controls the flow of information from and to its ‘slave-systems’: the ‘phonological loop’ and the ‘visuo-spatial sketch-pad’.
What did Godden and Baddeley study?
Context Dependent Memory An interesting experiment conducted by Godden and Baddeley (1975) indicates the importance of setting for retrieval. Baddeley asked 18 deep-sea divers to memorize a list of 36 unrelated words of two or three syllables.
What was the aim of Godden and Baddeley?
Information is said to be better recalled when the learning environment resembles the later retrieval environment. Godden and Baddeley (1975) showed that divers recalled words better when the recall condition matched the original learning environment, i.e. underwater or on land.
What are the three components of Baddeley and Hitch’s working memory model?
What are the three short term systems in the Baddeley & Hitch model of short-term memory?
What experimental design did Baddeley use?
Baddeley started off trying to test Long Term Memory (LTM). He gave participants four trials at learning the order of a list of words. Then he used a 20 minute delay (to remove Short Term Memory or STM) and then asked participants to recall as many words as possible in order.
What did McGeoch and McDonald find in their research?
The results of this experiment generated findings that strongly supports the results of McGeoch and McDonald. This experiment found that the number of adjectives recalled is most likely to be affected if a certain activity is occurring between the time interval of learning and time of recalling.
What type of experiment was Godden and Baddeley?
Godden and Baddeley (1975) investigated the effect of contextual cues on recall, in a novel experiment using divers. Their aim was to see if memory for words learned and recalled in the same environment, was better than memory for words learned and recalled in different environments.
What was the aim of Baddeley?
Baddeley (1966) aimed to establish whether STM and LTM encode information in different ways. He suspected that LTM encoded information semantically, whilst STM encoded it acoustically. If STM and LTM use different codes, this would support the view that they are separate stores.
When Godden & Baddeley replicated their experiment What did they find about recognition of words rather than recall?
Findings: Around 50% better recall when learning and recall are the same, 40% more words were forgotten when the condition changed. Recall for learning on land and recall on land was 13.5 compared to 8.6 when they learned the words on land and had to recall under water.
What did Baddeley and Hitch do?
You may have heard of Baddeley and Hitch for their famous work on the Working Memory Model in 1974. Before this, Baddeley conducted research to identify the coding of long-term memory. Previous research on memory established that there are separate stores for short- and long-term memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968).
What is Baddeley and Hitch’s model of working memory?
For example, in their model of working memory, Baddeley and Hitch relied on a central executive system, which has top-down control over the distinct specific subsystems, namely the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad.
What was Baddeley’s research on memory?
Before this, Baddeley conducted research to identify the coding of long-term memory. Previous research on memory established that there are separate stores for short- and long-term memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968). For example, the short-term memory store is thought to encode information acoustically.
What are the three main components of Baddeley and Hitch model?
The original model of Baddeley & Hitch was composed of three main components; the central executive which acts as supervisory system and controls the flow of information from and to its slave systems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad.